Homeostastis

Question 1

“the same” and “to stop”

Answer 1

homeo and stasis

Question 2

Maintenance of relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations (either the
external or internal environment)

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

Ex: sweating or shivering; governed by the nervous system, or
endocrine system

Answer 3

homeostatic mechanisms

Question 4

average normal value

Answer 4

set point

Question 5

Cycle of events in which the body’s status is monitored, evaluated, changed, etc.

Answer 5

feedback system

Question 6

– monitored variable; Ex: body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose

Answer 6

controlled condition

Question 7

any disruption that alters a controlled condition

Answer 7

stimulus

Question 8

monitors changes in a controlled condition, sends input (nerve
impulses/chemical signals) to a control center; called an afferent pathway (information flows toward
the center)

Answer 8

receptor

Question 9

(information flows toward
the center)

Answer 9

afferent pathway

Question 10

Ex: brain; sets the range of values in which a controlled condition
should be maintained; evaluates input and generate output commands;

Answer 10

control center

Question 11

(information flows away from the control center).

Answer 11

efferent pathway

Question 12

received output from the control center, produces a response that changes

the controlled condition.

Answer 12

effector

Question 13

maintain homeostasis; reverses a change in a controlled
condition
● Any deviation from the set point is made smaller or resisted
● Maintains variation within a normal range

Answer 13

negative feedback mechanism

Question 14

take place when initial stimulus further stimulates the response
● Deviation from the set point becomes even greater

Answer 14

positive feedback

Question 15

Abnormally functioning organs/organ systems due to disruption in homeostasis.

Answer 15

disease

Question 16

rapid onset, severe symptoms, short duration

Answer 16

acute

Question 17

slow progression, long duration

Answer 17

chronic

Question 18

risk factors/activities that play a huge role in an individual’s overall health
status.

Answer 18

predisposing factors

Question 19

Include factors that cannot be controlled:

Answer 19

Age
Heredity
Gender

Question 20

factors that can be controlled:

Answer 20

Lifestyle
and environment

Question 21

Can be a contributing factor due to gradual effects of the aging process.
● As the body gets older, organ systems can be less efficient.

Answer 21

age

Question 22

diseases caused by microorganisms

Answer 22

infections

Question 23

present at birth

Answer 23

congenital disorder

Question 24

caused by inherited genes

Answer 24

genetic disorder

Question 25

may occur while the child is developing in the womb, at birth, or after the child is born

Answer 25

developmental disorder

Question 26

sex of an individual (male or female). some diseases affect only males or females due to differences in anatomy. ● Some diseases are more prevalent in one gender than in the other.

Answer 26

gender

Question 27

combination of the genetic material from both parents. ● Genetic material inherited from an individual’s parents may come with links to certain disease and pathological conditions.

Answer 27

heredity

Question 28

Certain cancers and pulmonary diseases are more prevalent in people who are exposed to polluted air or water.

Answer 28

environment

Question 29

contributors to disease include habits that can have a negative effect on a person’s overall health.

Answer 29

lifestyle

Question 30

Objective signals, can be measured (ex: fever)

Answer 30

signs

Question 31

Subjective signals, relative to the patient, cannot be measured

Answer 31

symptoms

Question 32

physical suffering or distress due to injury or illness; defense mechanism to warn the person that there is a problem

Answer 32

pain

Question 33

body’s normal immune response to injury and disease; cardinal signs of inflammation: heat (calor), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), loss of function (function laesa)

Answer 33

inflammation

Question 34

Caused by pathogens (disease-causing agents)

Answer 34

infectious diseases

Question 35

characterized by uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation; cancer cells form tumors, which compete with healthy tissue for nutrients

Answer 35

cancers

Question 36

occur from the inability of the body’s immune system to protect itself

Answer 36

immune disorders

Question 37

(allergies) – overreaction of the immune system to an allergen

Answer 37

hypersensitivities

Question 38

deficiency in the immune system’s ability to defend the body; Example: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 38

immunodeficiency disorders

Question 39

inability of the immune system to distinguish between its own tissues and foreign tissue/cells

Answer 39

autoimmune disorders

Question 40

– Abnormalities caused by changes in genetic material; can be inherited, occur spontaneously, or due to exposure to a mutagen (capable of causing mutation)

Answer 40

genetic disorders

Question 41

– class of conditions of the mind; disorders associated with behavior or psychological well-being

Answer 41

mental disorders

Question 42

wound or shock (sudden loss of blood pressure) due to an injury; can be due to a pathological condition of a specific system or the body; include burns, physical abuse, accidents, drowning, wounds caused by foreign objects, exposure to toxic substances

Answer 42

trauma

Question 43

Process of examining the nature and circumstances of an illness.

Answer 43

diagnosis

Question 44

aims to make the patient comfortable and improve quality of life; may be the treatment option during terminal stages of disease

Answer 44

palliative treatment

Question 45

treatment regimen designed to cure the patient of the disease

Answer 45

curative treatment

Question 46

long-term care plan, designed to restore a patient’s normal body function

Answer 46

therapeutic treatment

Question 47

aims to prevent disease

Answer 47

preventive treatment