Epithelial & Connective tissues

Question 1

Group of cells with similar structure and function, have similar extracellular substances
located between them.

-important how cell is organized (up to organism)

Answer 1

tissue

Question 2

– histo (tissue) + ology (study); microscopic study of tissue

Answer 2

histology

Question 3

(plural: epithelia); epi (on) + thele (covering/lining)
● Covers external and internal surfaces throughout the body.
● Forms most glands.
● Consists of cells with very little extracellular material between them.

nonvascular - blood vessels does not penetrate the basement membrane to reach epithelium

capable of regeneration

Answer 3

epithelial tissue/epithelium

Question 4

• specialized type of extracellular material, secreted by epithelial and connective tissue
  cells.
  -typically porous (allows substances to move to from epithelial tissue above it)

Answer 4

basement membrane

Question 5

– single layer of cells; each cell extending from the basement
membrane to the free surface

Answer 5

simple epithelium

Question 6

more than one layer of epithelial cells, some sitting on top of
others

Answer 6

stratified epithelium

Question 7

flat or scalelike
prevents abration between organs in pericardial

Answer 7

simple squamous epithelium

Question 8

single layer of cubelike cell;

Answer 8

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 9

– clear, viscous fluid; protects the lining of the intestine

Answer 9

Mucus

Question 9

single layer of tall, thin cells;

Answer 9

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 10

special type of simple epithelium; appears stratified
but it is not;

Answer 10

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 11

forms thick epithelium, consists of several layers of cells;

Answer 11

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

more than one layer of cuboidal epithelial cells;

Answer 12

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 13

more than one layer of epithelial cells but only the surface
cells are columnar;

Answer 13

Stratified columnar epithelium

Question 14

– special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched; lines cavity that can expand (urinary bladder)

Answer 14

Transitional epithelium

Question 15

mechanical links that bind cells together.

Answer 15

desmosomes

Question 16

modified desmosomes; anchor cells to the basement membrane.

Answer 16

hemidesmosomes

Question 17

bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers. prevent passage of materials in epithelial cells bcs they compelely surround each cell

Answer 17

tight junctions

Question 18

small channels, allow small molecules and ions to pass from one epithelial cell
to an adjacent one.

Answer 18

gap junctions

Question 19

Structure that secretes substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into the blood.

Answer 19

gland

Question 20

• glands with ducts
• most are composed of many cells called multicellular glands; some are composed of a
  single cell

Answer 20

exocrine glands

Question 21

glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules (small tubes)

Answer 21

tubular

Question 22

shaped in saclike structures

Answer 22

acinar

Question 23

most common; involves release of secretory products by
exocytosis; used by water-producing sweat glands and exocrine portion of the

Answer 23

merocrine secretion

Question 24

secretory products are released as fragments of the gland cell;

Answer 24

apocrine secretion

Question 25

shedding of entire cells;

Answer 25

holocrine secretion

Question 26

- have no ducts - have extensive blood vessels

Answer 26

endocrine glands

Question 27

Diverse primary tissue type, makes up every organ in the body

Answer 27

connective tissue

Question 28

resemble microscopic ropes; flexible but resist stretching.

Answer 28

collagen fibers

Question 29

very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form supporting network.

Answer 29

reticular fibers

Question 30

– have the ability to return to their original shape after stretched

Answer 30

elastic fibers

Question 31

consists of nonfibrous molecules; “shapeless” background against which the collagen fibers are seen through the microscope.

Answer 31

ground substance

Question 32

– large molecules, consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides;

Answer 32

proteoglycans

Question 33

produce the matrix

Answer 33

blasts

Question 34

– maintain the matrix

Answer 34

cytes

Question 35

– breaks the matrix down for remodeling

Answer 35

clasts

Question 36

– large white blood cells capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances and microorganisms.

Answer 36

macrophages

Question 37

nonmotile cells that release chemicals such as histamine

Answer 37

mast cells

Question 38

relatively few protein fibers, form a lacy network, with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid;

Answer 38

loose connective tissue

Question 39

extracellular matrix consists of collagen fibers and few elastic fibers

Answer 39

areolar connective tissue

Question 40

– consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which contain large amounts of lipid for energy storage;

Answer 40

adipose connective tissue

Question 41

– framework of lymphatic tissue,

Answer 41

reticular connective tissue

Question 42

– relatively large protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space;

Answer 42

dense connective tissue

Question 43

has extracellular matrix consisting mostly of collagen fibers; tendons

Answer 43

dense collagenous CT

Question 44

collagen fibers are oriented in the same direction;

Answer 44

dense regular CT

Question 45

fibers are oriented in many different directions;

Answer 45

dense irregular CT

Question 46

has abundant elastic fibers among its collagen fibers;

Answer 46

dense elastic connective tissue

Question 47

elastic fibers are oriented in the same direction; elastic ligaments and vocal cords

Answer 47

dense regular tissue

Question 48

oriented in many different directions; walls of arteries

Answer 48

dense irregular tissue

Question 49

- composed of chondrocytes (cartilage cells), located in spaces called lacunae within an extensive matrix

Answer 49

cartilage

Question 50

most abundant type of cartilage; forms smooth surfaces

Answer 50

hyaline cartilage

Question 51

has more collagen than hyaline cartilage;can withstand compression

Answer 51

fibrocartilage

Question 52

contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and proteoglycans;

Answer 52

elastic cartilage

Question 53

hard connective tissue, consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix;

Answer 53

bone

Question 54

has spaces between trabeculae, or plates, of bone; resembles a sponge

Answer 54

spongy bone

Question 55

more solid, almost no space between many thin layers of mineralized matrix

Answer 55

compact bone

Question 56

– bone cells, located within lacunae

Answer 56

osteocytes

Question 57

– matrix is liquid, enabling blood cells and platelets (collectively called formed elements) to move through blood vessels;

Answer 57

blood

Question 58

epithelial tissues have free surface, cells are exposed and not attached to other cells cells are attached to other epithelial cells attached to basement membrane

Answer 58

apical surface lateral surface basal surface -they lines the lumen of ducts and cavities

Question 59

contacts bind adjacent epithelial cell together and extracellular matrix of basement membrane

Answer 59

specialized cell

Question 60

8 weeks of development most tissue form like adults

Answer 60

embryonic connective tissue

Question 61

loose and dense

Answer 61

connective tissue proper

Question 62

cartilage and bone

Answer 62

supporting connective tissue

Question 63

blood

Answer 63

fluid connective tissue