Homeostasis of temperature- Thermoregulation (ORAL SCIENCE)

Question 1

Explain thermoregulation

Answer 1

Thermoregulation Process that helps to maintain a constant deep body (core) temperature despite changes in the ambient (external) temperature.

Question 2

What is the core temperatures

Answer 2

Between 98.0° (36.6 0 C) and 98.6°F (37 0 C) when measured orally
and about 1°F higher when measured rectally.

Question 3

Explain core temperatures and homostatis

Answer 3

Body temperature varies with temperature extremes of the surroundings Core temperature constant – Homeostasis.

Question 4

Ways your body heats up

Answer 4

By-product of metabolism.
Rate of heat production,: metabolic rate of the body.
(1) basal rate of metabolism of all the cells of the body;
(2) Extra Metabolism
(3) muscle activity, muscle contractions caused by shivering;
(3) effect of hormones
(4) effect of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and sympathetic stimulation on the cells;
(5) increased chemical activity in the cells themselves, especially when the cell temperature increases;
(6) digestion, absorption, and storage of food (thermogenic effect of food).

Question 5

Explain the Role of the hypothalamus

Answer 5

regulated by nervous feedback mechanisms temperature-regulating centres located in the hypothalamus.

Question 6

Explain Detection of Temperature by Thermoreceptors

Answer 6

• Skin is endowed with both cold and warmth receptors.
• Deep body temperature receptors: in the spinal cord, in the abdominal viscera, and in or around the great veins in the upper abdomen and thorax.

Question 7

Ways to decrease temperature

Answer 7

1. Vasodilation of skin blood vessels.
   Almost all areas of the body, the skin blood vessels become intensely dilated. Vasodilation can increase the rate of heat transfer
2. Sweating.
   Increased body temperature can cause sweating.
3. Decrease in heat production.
   Mechanisms that cause excess heat production, such as shivering and chemical thermogenesis, are strongly inhibited.

Question 8

Increasing temperatures

Answer 8

1. Skin vasoconstriction Throughout the body.
2. Piloerection.
   Sympathetic stimulation causes the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles to contract, which brings the hairs to an upright stance.
3. Increase in thermogenesis (heat production).
   Heat production by the metabolic systems is increased
   a) by promoting shivering,
   b) sympathetic excitation of heat production.
   c) Thyroxine secretion.

Question 9

Explain the negative feedback loop

Answer 9

Body temperature low- homeostasis- body temperature back to normal Body temperature high- homeostasis- body temperature back to normal

Question 10

explain homostatis of Blood sugar

Answer 10

Entry of glucose into the cell
Facilitated diffusion – Carrier mediated

Question 11

Negative feedback - Blood sugar

Answer 11

Blood sugar low – homeostasis- blood sugar back to normal Blood sugar high – homeostasis - blood sugar back to normal