Homeostasis in Aging Flashcards
Altered homeostasis in geriatrics refers to what phenomenon?
The normal phenomenon of change brought on by the aging process and its effect on illness and injury.
Homeostasis in aging has what effect on the bodies systems?
Loss within one system takes away from the bodies entire reserves!
Thus the body becomes weaker in all systems in response to a problem in one system.
AS WE AGE WE LOSE OUR PHYSIOLOGICAL RESERVES = HOMEOSTENOSIS and HOMEOSTATIC BALLANCE BECOMES LESS OPTIMAL
Which neurotransmitter concentrations change with age?
Dopamine and serotonin
Leads to mood issues, concentration issues, and sleep issues.
Why is the brain more suceptible to damage with age?
Increased delicacy of brain vascular tissue.
What aging problem can lead to occult hypothyroidism?
Decreased T3
Which cells in the pancrease begin to die with age?
B cells leading to increased fasting glucose and glucose intolerance.
A decrease in what hormone in aging will lead to osteoporosis in both sexes?
DHEA
What aging deficiency leads to predisposition to hyperkalemia?
Decreased plasma renin and aldosterone.
What aging process leads to impaired extracellular volume regulation and electrolyte homeostasis?
Increased: Norepinephrine Vasopressin Insulin Atrial natriuretic peptide and parathormone.
What aging process will lead to a normal resting heart rate but diminished maximal heart rate?
Decreased responsiveness to B-adrenergic stimulation.
What aging process will lead to increased risk of orthostatic hypotension?
Decreased baroreceptor responses.
What aging process leads to an increased aystolic blood pressure and increased afterload?
Increased collagen deposition and cross linking within the arteries.
What aging process will lead to impaired LV relaxation (Diastolic dysfunction)
Decreased cardiocytes and increased fibroblasts.
In other words the heart becomes more stiff and depends more on the atrial kick.
What aging process leads to diastoly dysfunction?
Increased atrial kick due to stiffened heart!
Geriatric patients are unable to increase CO by heart rate and thus they must increase cardiac output by what mechanism?
Stroke volume must increase
CO = HR x SV
What process of aging increases the risk of atrial fibrillation?
Loss of pacemaker cells in the SA node.
What increases the risk of a heart block in aging patients?
Deterioration of conductive cells in the SA / AV / His / Purkinje system.
What aging process leads to loss of alveoli and total alveolar surface area?
Accumuated effects of oxidative stress / free radical damage.
Leads to V/Q mismatch.
What happens with creatine clearance as we age?
Creatine clearance decreases.`
Which cellular activity leads to osteoporosis?
Increased osteoclastic activity mostly, but there is decreased osteoblastic activity as well.
What effects does extra estrogen dosage have when given?
Good bone quality and better cholesterol totals.
HOWEVER
It also leads to increased death rates.
What are the negative effects of administered estrogen?
Increased clotting tendency
Higher breast and endometrial carcinoma.
What frequencyh of sound is lost with age?
Frequency primarily above 3000 Hz
