Dementia

Question 1

What percentage of people above the age of 65 years have Alzheimers?

Answer 1

6-8% of people

Question 2

What percentage of people above the age of 85 have alzheimers?

Answer 2

45%

Question 3

What percentage of patients have vascular dementia (“Mixed Dementia”)?

Answer 3

Co occurs with alzheimers in an estimated 15-20% of cases

Termed Mixed dementia.

Question 4

What is lewy body dementia?

Answer 4

Second most common cause of dementia.

Question 5

What are the protein compounds in Alzheimers disease?

Answer 5

Amyloid plaques
with
Tau neurofibrillary tangles.

Question 6

What are the protein compounds in Lew body and Parkinsons dementia?

Answer 6

Cytoplasmic alpha synuclein inclusion bodies.

Question 7

What are the protein build ups in Frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 7

Tau or Ubiquitin proteins.

Question 8

What are the two most common risk factors for dementia?

Answer 8

Intellectual activity and physical activity.

Question 9

What gene increases risk of dementia?

Answer 9

APOE4 allele (Late onset)

Downsyndrome as well.

Question 10

Amyloid precursor protein and presenilin proteins (PS1 andPS2) are risks for what?

Answer 10

Early onset dimentia.

Question 11

Of APOE4 and APOE2 which combination confers protection and which confers risk

Answer 11

APOE2 confers protection where as APOE4 confers risk if two alleles are inherited (dose related)

Question 12

Clusterin, complement component receptor 1 are both risks for what?

Answer 12

Dementia.

Question 13

What is the DEMENTIA acronym>

Answer 13

Drug
Emotional psych disorders
Metabolic disorders
Endocrine problems
Nutritional and neuroloical diseases
Trauma and tumor
Infection, ischemia, inflammation
Anemia, arythmia
Social, Sensory, Spiritual isolation.

Question 14

What is the total score of the Folstein test?

Answer 14

30 with 19 items testing orientation, registration, attention, recalling etc.

Question 15

What are the distinguishing signs of delirum?

Answer 15

Acute onset
Cognitive fluctuations over hours or days
Impaired consciousness and attention
Altered sleep cycles.

ALWAYS HAS ACUTE CAUSE MOST COMMON INFECTION AND HEAD TRAUMA.

Question 16

What other psyc problem commonly follows with dementia?

Answer 16

Depression!

Question 17

What is typically the first symptom of alzheimers?

Answer 17

Difficulty learning new information, occurs gradually.

Apraxia at later stages.

Question 18

What brain section is often shrunken in alzheimers?

Answer 18

hippacampus.

Question 19

Hillucinations are a hallmark as well as major fluctuations of what disease?

Answer 19

Lewy Body Dimentia.

Question 20

Which form of dementia occurs in younger patients with atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes?

Answer 20

Frontaltemporal dementia.

Question 21

Cholinesterase inhibitors: donepeil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine are used to treat what?

Answer 21

All forms of dementia except for the corticotemporal forms.

Question 22

Most common cause of dimentia?

Answer 22

Alzheimers.

Question 23

Delerium is typified by?

Answer 23

Acute change with underlying stressor.

Question 24

Lewy body disease is typified by?

Answer 24

True fluctuations from day to day progressive.

Question 25

Normal pressure hydrocephalus typified by?

Answer 25

Enlargement of ventricles pushing against nerves.

Abnormal gait, urinary incontenance, cognitive decline!