Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > homeostasis: homeostasis+ human nervous system > Flashcards

homeostasis: homeostasis+ human nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of homeostasis?

A

the regulatuion of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for functions in response to internal or external change.

basically making sure your inside is good for exmaple glucose level so t

homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme actions and all cell funtions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

homeostasis maintain conditions of which enzyme and cell funtions?

A
  • blood glucose concent
  • body tempertaure
  • water levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do control systmes include?

A
  • receptors
  • corrdination centres
  • effectors
  • stimulus
  • response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are receptors?

A

cells called receptors detect a stimuli [changes in the enviroment ]

changes in the enviorment could mean chnages in your bodys internal cond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are coordination centres?

A

coordination centres receivce and process informtion from recpetors { this could include the brain, spinal cord, pancrease}

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are effectors?

A

an effector carries out the response to restore optimum levels this is the job of a muscle or **gland **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the nervouse system do?

A

the nervouse system enables humans to react to their surrounding and coordinate their behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the centeral nervouse system?

A

this is the brain and spinal cord connected to the body thouigh thr sensory neurons and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the reflex arc if you touch fire?

just an example but most reflex arcs are the same

A
  1. stimulus is detected by a recptor
  2. electrical impules pass down from the recpetor to sensory neuron to ceneteral nervouse system
  3. at end of sensory neruon is synapse which release a chemical which diffuse to the relay neuron to the centeral nervouse system
  4. electricla impluses reach another synapse that release a chemical –>trigers electrical impulse in motor neuron
  5. then passes onto an effector, the muslce which contracts = response

stimulus=fire, receptor= skin cells

stimulus–> receptor–> coordinator-> effector–> response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a basic description of a reflex arc?

A

Information from receptors passes along cells (neurones) as electrical
impulses to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is the** brain** and
spinal cord. The CNS coordinates the response of effectors which may
be muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a sensory neurons fucntion?

A

carry information as electrical impulses from the recpetor to the Ceneteral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the motor neurons fucntion?

A

neurons that carry electrical impuleses from the ceneteral nervouse system to effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the synapses fucntion?

A

connection between 2 neurones where the nerve signal is transfered by it releasing chemicals which diffuse to other neurons and **triggers **the new electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are reflex actions important?

A

they are rapid and automatic and respond to certaint stimuli that dont involve the conscious part of the brain and reduce the chances of being injured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the brain do?

A

the brain control complex behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the brain made out of?

A

billion of interconnected neurons that have different regions which carry out different funtions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

identify the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and
medulla on a diagram of the brain

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the function of the cerbral cortex and what is it?

A

cerbral cortex is the highly folded outer part of the brain
funtion include langauge memory and consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the cerebellum and what is its funtion?

A

cerebellum control our balance and co-oridinates our movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the medulla?

A

medualla control our heart beat and breathing rate

21
Q

explain some of the difficulties of
investigating brain function and treating brain damage and disease?

A
  • the brain is protected bu the skull so is very tricky to access
  • structures of brain is complex
  • extemely delicate and easy to damadge
22
Q

how have Neuroscientists have been able to map the regions of the brain to particular functions?

A
  • they do this by studying patients with brain damage,
  • electrically stimulating different parts of the brain
  • using MRI scanning techniques
23
Q

what is the eye { spec definition}?

A

the eye is a sense organ containing receptors which are sensitive to light intensity and colours.

24
Q

what are adaptations does the eye have for dim light?

A
  • if you are in dim light this drop in light intensity is sensed by the light receptors in the retina
  • retina sends electrical impules to the brain,
  • the brain sends electrcial impules to the specific muscles in the iris
  • these muscles contract allowing the iris to become larger and allow in more light

this is a reflex action as it does not involve the conscious part of the

25
Q

what is the cornea and its function?

A

the cornea is the transparent fron of the eye and its function is to start the focussing of the light rays that pass through. ( this is a fixed focus )

26
Q

what is the pupil and its function?

A

it is the centre of the eye the coloured part of the eye and its function is that it controls how much light enteres the eye.

27
Q

what is the function of the lens?

A

the lens function is to focus the lights rays onto the back of the eye.

28
Q

what is the key feature of lens?

A

lens can change shape which allows us to focus on distant or near objects.

29
Q

what is the retina and its function?

A

the retina is in the back of the eye and it contains receptors for light which allow us to detect light intensity and light colour and send electcial signals down to the optic nerve to the brain.

30
Q

what is the optic nerve and its funtion?

A

the optic nerve contains neurons which carry inforamtion from the eye to the brain

31
Q

what is the sclera and its function?

A

the sclera is the white part of the eye which is the tough outer part which protects the eye

32
Q

what is the ciliary muscles
suspensory ligaments function?

A

the ciliary muscles and the
suspensory ligaments work with the lens to allow us to focus on near or distant objects

33
Q

what is the fucntion of the iris?

A

the funtion of the iris is to control the size of the pupil

34
Q

what is the adapation the eye has when enetering a bright room?

A
  • if you are in dim light this drop in light intensity is sensed by the light receptors in the retina
  • retina sends electrical impules to the brain,
  • the brain sends electrcial impules to the specific muscles in the iris
  • the** muscles contract allowing the iris to become smaller, reduces amount of light entering and protects it from damadge **
35
Q

what is accomodation?

A

accomodation is the process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects.

36
Q

how does the eye focus on nearobjects?

A
  1. the cilary muscle contracts
  2. the suspensory ligament loosen
  3. the lens is then thicker and refracts light rays strongly
37
Q

how does the eye focus on a distant object?

A
    1. the cilary muscles relax
      1. the suspensary ligaments are pulled tight
      2. the lens is then pulled thin and only slightly refracts light rays
38
Q

what are 2 common defects of the eyes?

A
  1. myopia whish is short sightedness cannot focus on distant objects
  2. hyperopia which is long sightedness cannot focus on nearby objects
    in both rays of light do not focus on the retina
39
Q

how do you treat myopia and hyperopia?

A
  • spectacl lense which refract the light rays so they dont focu on the retina
  • new technologies such as contanct lenses, laser surgery to change the shape oppf the cornea and a replacement lens in the eye.
40
Q

what is the digram for hyperipa and the digram for when it is treated with spectacle lenses ( glasses)?

A
41
Q

what is the diagram for myopia and when it is treated?

A

when it is treated:

42
Q

what is the thermoregularoty centre?

A

the part of the brain which monitors body temperaure and controlled.

43
Q

how does the thermoregularoty centre maintain body temp?

A

the thermoregularoty centre contains recpetors which are sensitive to the temperature of the blood.

44
Q

how does the skin help with maintaining body temperaure?

A

the skin also has temperature recepetors which send electical signals down the sensory neurons to the thermoregularoty centre.

45
Q

what happens when the body temepraure is too high ( sweat)?

A
  • sweat glands release sweat onto surface of skin this takes energy from body to the enviroment, cooling the body down
46
Q

what do the blood capaliaries do if the body temperaure is too high?

A

the blood capalilaies go through vasodiliation, they dialiate and go wider, so more blood can flow through capiliaries and heat/energy can transfere from skin to enviroment.

47
Q

what do the blood capilaries do when the body temperature is too low?

A

the blood capilaries vasoconstruct, they go narrower, so less blood can flow through so less heat/ energy is lost from the body.

48
Q

what else can the body do if the body temperaure is too low?

A

the body shivers which contarcst the skeletal muscles and to generate energy they increase rate of repsiration - which releases heat.
* we also stop sweating

49
Q
A

Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions