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Biology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is a hormone?

A

Chemical regulators. Chemical signalling molecules

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1
Q

What is the CNS?

A

The central nervous system. The spinal cord, and the brain.

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2
Q

What is the control centre? And what does it do?

A

The brain and the spinal-cord. Makes decisions and processes info.

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3
Q

What is the inter-sensory neuron?

A

The neuron thats in between the motor and the sensory neuron

At the spinal area

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4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

organisms maintain a relatively stable internal body system or environment for body cells between narrow limits

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5
Q

What are two key points of homeostasis?

A

Organisms maintaining a stable environment between narrow limits

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6
Q

What are four examples of homeostasis?

A

Body temperature BP and volume pH and the amount of components in the blood, glucose levels in blood, water levels in blood, blood pressure, level of CO2

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7
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Receptors that receive signals from other neurons

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8
Q

Where are dendrites located and what do they look like?

A

They are located at the beginning of the neuron and they are the branchy parts.

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9
Q

What does the axon terminal button do?

A

Sends the electrical impulse to other neurons

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10
Q

Where is the Axon terminal button located?

A

At the end of the neuron and it looks like branches

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11
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Coordinates functions

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12
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

It is the control centre of the nerve cell

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13
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

It is the thing that protects the axon and insulates it ensuring that it has a rapid transmission of the electrical impulse

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14
Q

What is the axon?

A

Part of the neuron that transmits the electrical impulse and has the myelin sheath surrounding it

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15
Q

What is the stimulus?

A

A change in the external or internal enviroment

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16
Q

What is an example of a stimulus?

A

A decrease in body temperature

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17
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Cell or tissue that detects the change in the environment eg change in temperature

18
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A

It senses, example, it feels the heat when you touch the hotplates.
Carrys messages from receptors to the central nervous system

19
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The spinal-cord and the brain that receive messages from the sensory neuron

20
Q

What is the brain?

A

The inter neuron. That’s in between the motor and the sensory neuron at the spinal area

21
Q

What is the motor neuron?

A

Receive messages from the brain to muscles and tissues. Takes messages from the brain to the effector

22
Q

What is the response?

A

How the body reacts to the stimulus, which was that problem at the beginning, example the decrease in body temperature. Sorry, the respondent would shiver because the body temp was cold, too warm it up.

23
Q

What is the path of the stimulus?

A

The stimulus, to the receptor, to the sensory neuron, to the brain, to the spinal cord which is also the central nervous system, to the motor neurone to the effector and to the response.

24
Q

What are the main comparisons of the endocrine and the nervous systems?

A

The endocrine system is slower longer lasting, it has hormones in it, it doesn’t have electrical but it has chemical signals involved and the type of organisms that have it are plants and animals. While, the nervous system is very fast, it doesn’t have a long duration, it doesn’t have hormones involved, it has electrical and chemical signals involved and only animals have it.

25
Q

How is the impulse transmitted from one neuron to another?

A

The electrical impulse leaves the axon terminal and goes through the synapse and the synapse is a chemical impulse so the electrical impulse changes to a chemical impulse when it is passing through the synapse. Neurotransmitters go through the synapse and the go into the receptor from the next neuron which they then immediately turn into an electrical impulse.

26
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

A rapid response to prevent harm, examples; blinking, sneezing and touching a hot plate. There is a stimulus and then the response (sensory neuron) is carried to the spinal cord (inter neuron) then it’s taken from here by the motor neuron to the effector. It doesn’t go to the brain. So this makes the reaction very fast. The brain still gets the message but after you’ve moved from the pain

27
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Is a positive response to the stimulus, it reinforces what is happening, it helps the situation.

28
Q

What is an example of positive feedback?

A

When a mothers giving birth she pushes her baby and signals are sent to the brain and the brain sends back; more pushing

29
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

When the response counteracts the stimulus. So when something is too high the negative feedback will make it go lower or vice versa. It goes against the stimulus

30
Q

What is an example of negative feedback?

A

Shivering when your body is cold to warm it up, or sweating when your body is hot to cool it down.

31
Q

What are the four types of receptors?

A

Chemo
Thermo
Mechano
Photo

32
Q

What does a chemo receptor detect?

A

Detects chemical eg nose, stomach and tongue

33
Q

What does a thermo receptor detect?

A

The temperature eg skin

34
Q

What does a mechano receptor detect?

A

Touch eg ears detect balance

35
Q

What does a photo receptor detect?

A

Light eg eyes

36
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

Distributes oxygen and nutrients (air sac) heart pumps it around

37
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out, (breathing) mouth to alveoli

38
Q

What is the name given to the process that returns the temperature to within the normal range to help maintain homeostasis?

A

Negative feedback

39
Q

What is the reflex arcs control centre?

A

The spinal cord

40
Q

What is the purpose of the reflex arc?

A

To keep you safe, and to prevent your body from being harmed.

41
Q

What nerve cells are involved in a reflex arc?

A

Sensory, Inter and motor.

42
Q

Why are hormones involved in the reflex arc?

A

Because they are too slow for the procedure to prevent harm

43
Q

What is the order of names of things in a response?

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron 
Inter neuron
Effector
Synapse
Neurotransmitters

Biology (8 decks)

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