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Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

0
Q

What is the process heterotrophs use to convert the sugar in food to a more readily usable form of energy?

A

Cellular respiration

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1
Q

Abiotic

A

The nonliving parts of an ecosystem eg physical surroundings

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3
Q

Population

A

A group of the same species together at a particular time

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4
Q

What do plants do with the suns energy?

A

They convert the solar energy into stored chemical energy in the form of sugars

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5
Q

What is an example of a second order consumer?

A

Snake

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7
Q

Community

A

When a population of species is living with another population of species eg cat and mouse

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9
Q

Producer

A

Captures light energy and use it to convert inorganic materials into organic matter eg plants

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10
Q

What is the difference between a food web and chain?

A

A food chain is one series of animals, a food web is made up of lots of food chains put together

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11
Q

What are decomposers essential for?

A

Recycling the elements in the Earth

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12
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy?

A

The sun

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14
Q

Autotroph

A

Producer. Does not feed on other organisms (self feeders).
Organisms that make their own organic molecules, including glucose, from in organic molecules, includes photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms.

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16
Q

Consumer

A

Animals unable to make their own food, obtain nutrition from consuming other organisms

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18
Q

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen + glucose ➡ carbon dioxide + water
ATP

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19
Q

Decomposer

A

Eat dead material eat definitely real by secreting enzymes and absorbing the broken down products. E.g. fungi, bacteria.

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20
Q

What will a population of species compete for?

A

Food, shelter, mates

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22
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water sunlight/chlorophyll = oxygen + glucose

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23
Q

What is an example of a food chain?

A

Plant ➡ rabbit ➡ fox

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24
Q

Does cellular respiration occur in both plants and animals?

A

Yes

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25
Q

Scavengers

A

Organisms that eat the remains of dead and decomposing animals

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27
Q

What does a food web show?

A

The relationship between members of an ecological community

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28
Q

Heterotroph

A

(Consumer) Animals unable to make their own food (other feeders)

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30
Q

Carnivore

A

Eats other animals, known as secondary and tertiary consumers

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31
Q

What is the order of a food web?

A

Producer ➡ 1st order consumer ➡ 2nd order consumer ➡ 3rd order consumer

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32
Q

What is an example of a third order consumer?

A

Owl

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33
Q

How much energy goes from one level of the pyramid to the next?

A

10%

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34
Q

What is the energy from each level that is not passed on to the next wasted on?

A

Movement, heat and chemical processes

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35
Q

What is an example of a chemical process?

A

Cellular respiration and body processes.

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36
Q

What can there not be 6 tropic levels of an energy pyramid?

A

Because there would not be enough energy for all the levels.

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37
Q

Where does the first level of the energy pyramid get its energy from (the producers)?

A

The sun

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38
Q

What is an example of a 1st order consumer?

A

Rabbit

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39
Q

What is an example of a species being introduced?

A

Rabbits
They eat the grass
They are competition for other animals so there is less food for they others

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40
Q

Predator prey relationship

A

The preying of one animal on others. One animals benefits to the injury of the other

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41
Q

What do competitors compete for?

A

The same resources, food, shelter and mates

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43
Q

Herbivores

A

Eats plants known as primary consumers

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44
Q

What part of the body does cellular respiration occur?

A

In cells

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45
Q

Symbiotic relationship parasite/host

A

Organisms living together, depend on each other.

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46
Q

What are 2 examples of scavengers?

A

Hyenas and vultures

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47
Q

What is an example of a predator prey relationship?

A

Tiger and antelope

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48
Q

What is an example of competition?

A

When there is a shortage of rain =
Less grass =
Cows compete

49
Q

What is an example of a parasitism relationship?

A

A tick on a cows fur
Living off its blood
It’s causes damage to the cow
However it can still survive

50
Q

Parasitism

A

The relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it, although not fatal damage.

51
Q

What does ATP do?

A

Stores energy

52
Q

Introduced species

A

A species that has been released in an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally.

53
Q

What are tropic levels?

A

The energy levels

54
Q

What are examples of parasitism?

A

Worms and ticks

55
Q

What do introduced animals and plants cause?

A

Disturbs natural food chains and webs

57
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and animals

58
Q

What are plant producers known as?

A

Photo - autotrophs

59
Q

What is are two examples of decomposers?

A

Bacteria and fungi

60
Q

Ecosystem

A

Made up of living (biotic) parts, such as communities of organisms, and non living (abiotic) parts, such as the physical surroundings.

64
Q

What is an example of a producer?

A

Plants

76
Q

Biotic

A

The living part of an ecosystem eg animals

104
Q

What is are 2 examples of decomposers?

A

Fungi and bacteria

105
Q

Mammals

A

Produce milk and have fur/hair

106
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of all life forms - the different plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms and the genes that they contain

107
Q

Classification

A

The science of placing organisms into groups based on shared features

108
Q

Bacteria

A

Prokaryotes that live on or in humans, other animals and plants, soil and water, and occur in environments of moderate conditions

109
Q

Archaea

A

Prokaryotes that includes types that can live at high temperatures, in acidic or very salty environments

110
Q

Eukarya - eukaryotes

A

Organisms with cells that have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane

111
Q

Vertebrates

A

Have a backbone eg mammals

112
Q

Invertebrates

A

No backbone

113
Q

Motile

A

Move

114
Q

Hyphae

A

Thread like structures in fungi that spread through the organism being fed on

115
Q

Pathogenic

A

Capable of producing disease

116
Q

Endothermic

A

Can maintain their own body temperature eg.humans/mammals

117
Q

Ectothermic

A

An organisms which relies on the external environment for body temperature eg. Snake

118
Q

Obligate intercellular parasites

A

Cannot replicate outside a host cell = non living

119
Q

Sessile

A

Non moving

120
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Do not have membrane bound organelles or a nucleus

121
Q

Protista

A

One of the three kingdoms of eukaryotic organisms

122
Q

Predator

A

Carnivores tags catch live prey

123
Q

Parasite

A

Live and feed on the surface of or in other organisms

124
Q

Detritivore

A

Eats small particles of dead plants and animal organic matter and waste products like dung. Eg worm

125
Q

Competition

A

A number of organisms compete for a limited resource eg. Food, mates, shelter, habitat, space

126
Q

Inter species competition

A

Several different species compete for eg. Habitat

127
Q

Intra species competition

A

Meme ears of the same species compete for eg. Mates

128
Q

Exploitation

A

1 species benefits at the expense of an other

129
Q

Biosphere

A

The narrow belt around the earth that contains all the living things

130
Q

Biome

A

A broad life zone eg. Tropical, aquatic

131
Q

Diurnal

A

Active during the day

132
Q

Nocturnal

A

Active during the night

133
Q

Crepuscular

A

Active during dawn & dusk

134
Q

Niche

A

Describes the way of life of a species/population, in an ecosystem

135
Q

Food chain

A

A series of links between different organisms in ecosystems based on feeding relationships

136
Q

Ectoparasite

A

A parasite that live ON the host

137
Q

Endoparasite

A

A parasite that lives IN its host

138
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms in the relationship benefit eg. Lichen = fungi & algae

139
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits and the other does not but is not harmed eg. A spider building a web on a tree

140
Q

Amensalism

A

One species is inhibited or killed and one is unaffected eg. A sapling growing under a mature tree

141
Q

Food web

A

A series of interactive food chains

142
Q

Organic molecules

A

Molecules with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and is made by living things eg. Lipids, carbs, protein

143
Q

Photoastroph

A

Use light energy to make organic molecules in the process called photosynthesis (Photo = light)

144
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Use energy from chemicals to make their own organic molecules. (Chemo-chemicals) (autotroph-self-feeder)

145
Q

Biomass

A

The total dry weight of an organism.

146
Q

Tropic level

A

Place in the food chain e.g. Produces first trophic levels.

147
Q

Bioaccumulation/biomagnification

A

A nonbiodegradable substance accumulates in higher concentrations in a higher trophic levels.

148
Q

Eutrophication

A

Nutrient pollution in waterways leads to Algal balloons. Algae and other plants die, decomposes thrive but use lots of oxygen. Fish die due to depleted oxygen levels. Accelerated ageing of waterways.

Biology (8 decks)

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