Homeostasis

Question 1

What are the four levels of organisation of the human body?

Answer 1

1- Cells
2- Tissue
3- Organ
4- System

Question 2

What are the eight organ systems of the body?

Answer 2

1- Respiratory system
2- Digestive system
3- Nervous system
4- Endocrine system
5- Reproductive system
6- Circulatory system
7- Immune system
8- Urinary system

Question 3

What are the normal levels of fasting blood sugar?

Answer 3

3.5-8 mmolL-1

Question 4

What cells secrete glucagon?

Answer 4

Alpha pancreatic cells in islets of Langerhans

Question 5

What cells secrete insulin?

Answer 5

Beta pancreatic cells in islets of Langerhans

Question 6

What are the five principals of homeostasis?

Answer 6

1- Primarily operate through negative feedback mechanism
2- Stability is achieved through balancing the inputs and outputs, irrespective of the absolute magnitude of change
3- There is a range of normal values as the internal environment cannot be maintained at a complete constancy
4- There is a hierarchy of importance: not every system is maintained constant
5- Set point of some control system may vary

Question 7

What is human pathophysiology?

Answer 7

The study of disordered body function

Question 8

What is the basic function of endothelium cells?

Answer 8

Defines vessels

Question 9

What percentage of body fluid is intracellular?

Answer 9

66%

Question 10

What percentage of body fluid is intercellular?

Answer 10

33%

Question 11

What is the structural hierarchy of a multi-cellular animal?

Answer 11

Atoms
Simple molecules
Macromolecules
Basic biostructures
Subcellular organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems

Question 12

What are the two common ways of maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 12

Negative and Positive feedback

Question 13

What is the basic circuit system to describe the feedback system?

Answer 13

Set point
Control center
Effector
Regulated variable
Sensor

Question 14

What is the range of blood glucose concentration?

Answer 14

3.5-8 mmolL-1