Homeostasis Flashcards
Adaptation
Any genetically controlled feature that may assist survival and reproduction of organisms in their specific environments. Adaptations may be Structural, Physiological, Behavioral
Structural Adaptation
Specialised body parts of an organism that help it to survive in its natural habitat eg skin, colour, shape, body covering
Physiological Adaptation
Systems present in an organism that allow it to perform certain biochemical reactions eg- making venom, secreting slime, being able to keep a constant body temperature
Behavioral Adaptation
Special actions/ways a particular organism behaves to survive in its natural habitat
Which is more variable your internal or external environment?
Your external environment as your internal environment is relatively stable as it is subject to homeostasis
How is your internal environment of an organism formed?
Tissue fluid and plasma form of the body of an organism
Homeostasis
Is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment within narrow limits.
Examples of variables subject to homeostasis
- Temperature
- Blood Glucose
- Water
- Ions
- PH
- Blood Pressure
- Urea
How does the body maintain homeostasis?
Organisms are able to detect changes in their internal and external environment and coordinate responses to these changes to restore balance
- Changes are detected by receptors inside and on the surface of the organism
Which body systems play a role in homeostasis?
Respiratory, Circulatory, digestive, executory, skin, endocrine and nervous systems
How is homeostasis maintained in animals?
In animals the endocrine and nervous systems are the major systems responsible for the control and coordination of homeostasis
What does the nervous system consist of
The Central Nervous System - The brain and spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System - Nerve Cells outside CNS
Somactic vs Autonomic System
Somatic - The part of the peripheral nervous system associated with voluntary control
Autonomic - part of the PNS that deals with involuntary control such as breathing, sweating and release of hormones
How does the nervous system allow organs and tissues to communicate with eachother
Nervous system allows the organs and tissues in the body to communicate with each other quickly by transmitting electrical impulses
What is a nerve cell composed of
Cell Body
Dendrite
Axon
Cell Body
Contains the nucleus
Dendrite
Branched extensions of the cell that receive stimuli from other neurons and carry information to the cell body
Axon
Carries information away from the cell body to another neuron or tissue
what are the three kinds of neurons
Sensory/ Affector
Motor/Effector
Connecting/Inter
Synapse
The junction between neurons
Sensory/Affector Neurons
Detect change in external or internal environment and transmit information from receptor to CNS
Motor/ effector Neurons
Carry information away from the CNS to muscle cells/glands and cause them to respond
Interneurons/ Connecting neurons
Located in the CNS linking sensory and motor neurons
Five types of Receptors
Chemo- Smell Taste Mechano - Hear Photo - see Thermo - touch Pain receptors
