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Biology Unit 2 > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Adaptation

A

Any genetically controlled feature that may assist survival and reproduction of organisms in their specific environments. Adaptations may be Structural, Physiological, Behavioral

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2
Q

Structural Adaptation

A

Specialised body parts of an organism that help it to survive in its natural habitat eg skin, colour, shape, body covering

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3
Q

Physiological Adaptation

A

Systems present in an organism that allow it to perform certain biochemical reactions eg- making venom, secreting slime, being able to keep a constant body temperature

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4
Q

Behavioral Adaptation

A

Special actions/ways a particular organism behaves to survive in its natural habitat

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5
Q

Which is more variable your internal or external environment?

A

Your external environment as your internal environment is relatively stable as it is subject to homeostasis

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6
Q

How is your internal environment of an organism formed?

A

Tissue fluid and plasma form of the body of an organism

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

Is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment within narrow limits.

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8
Q

Examples of variables subject to homeostasis

A
  • Temperature
  • Blood Glucose
  • Water
  • Ions
  • PH
  • Blood Pressure
  • Urea
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9
Q

How does the body maintain homeostasis?

A

Organisms are able to detect changes in their internal and external environment and coordinate responses to these changes to restore balance
- Changes are detected by receptors inside and on the surface of the organism

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10
Q

Which body systems play a role in homeostasis?

A

Respiratory, Circulatory, digestive, executory, skin, endocrine and nervous systems

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11
Q

How is homeostasis maintained in animals?

A

In animals the endocrine and nervous systems are the major systems responsible for the control and coordination of homeostasis

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12
Q

What does the nervous system consist of

A

The Central Nervous System - The brain and spinal cord

The Peripheral Nervous System - Nerve Cells outside CNS

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13
Q

Somactic vs Autonomic System

A

Somatic - The part of the peripheral nervous system associated with voluntary control
Autonomic - part of the PNS that deals with involuntary control such as breathing, sweating and release of hormones

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14
Q

How does the nervous system allow organs and tissues to communicate with eachother

A

Nervous system allows the organs and tissues in the body to communicate with each other quickly by transmitting electrical impulses

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15
Q

What is a nerve cell composed of

A

Cell Body
Dendrite
Axon

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16
Q

Cell Body

A

Contains the nucleus

17
Q

Dendrite

A

Branched extensions of the cell that receive stimuli from other neurons and carry information to the cell body

18
Q

Axon

A

Carries information away from the cell body to another neuron or tissue

19
Q

what are the three kinds of neurons

A

Sensory/ Affector
Motor/Effector
Connecting/Inter

20
Q

Synapse

A

The junction between neurons

21
Q

Sensory/Affector Neurons

A

Detect change in external or internal environment and transmit information from receptor to CNS

22
Q

Motor/ effector Neurons

A

Carry information away from the CNS to muscle cells/glands and cause them to respond

23
Q

Interneurons/ Connecting neurons

A

Located in the CNS linking sensory and motor neurons

24
Q

Five types of Receptors

A 
Chemo- Smell Taste
Mechano - Hear
Photo - see
Thermo - touch
Pain receptors
25
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in the internal or external environment

26
Q

Receptors

A

Sensitive cells which detect stimulus, and encode information about the stimulus into an electrical signal, sent as a nerve impulse to the CNS

27
Q

Control Center

A

Part of the CNS which determines the course of action

28
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Monitors the state of a variable to see if it changes

29
Q

Hypothesis

A

Use the following format:
That if (name the Independent Variable and explain how you
intend to change it), then the (Name the Dependent Variable
and explain how it is expected to respond).

30
Q

Variables

A

The variable is the factor in the experiment that you are investigating.

31
Q

Independent variable

A

In an experiment there is usually only one independent variable and it is set by the person carrying out the investigation

32
Q

Dependent variable

A

Measured during the investigation

33
Q

Controlled variables

A

are quantities that the scientist wants to remain constant

Biology Unit 2 (6 decks)

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