Glossary

Question 0

Affector Neurons

Answer 0

these have one or more receptors that detect change in either the external or internal environment, information that is detected is transmitted as an electrical impulse to the CNS by the affector neuron.

Question 1

Adaptation

Answer 1

a form or structure modified to fit a changed environment.

Question 2

Aldosterone

Answer 2

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the outer section of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.

Question 3

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 3

A relatively small (peptide) molecule that is released by the pituitary gland

Question 4

Antifreeze

Answer 4

a liquid, typically one based on ethylene glycol, which can be added to water to lower the freezing point, chiefly used in the radiator of a motor vehicle.

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

the long thread-like part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

Question 6

Behavioural Features

Answer 6

The actions or reactions of a person or animal in response to external or internal stimuli.

Question 7

Cell body

Answer 7

the compact area of a nerve cell that constitutes the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm, excluding the axons and dendrites.

Question 8

Central Nervous System

Answer 8

the part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

Cochlea

Answer 9

a spiral-shaped cavity forming a division of the internal ear in humans and in most other mammals.

Question 10

Conduction

Answer 10

the transfer of heat between two parts of a stationary system, caused by a temperature difference between the parts.

Question 11

Connecting Neurons

Answer 11

Type of nerve cell, located in the central central nervous system, that links sensory and effector neurons

Question 12

Convection

Answer 12

Transfer of heat by air or water currents

Question 13

Core temperature

Answer 13

Temperature of internal cells of the body; in humans, core temperature is 37 degrees

Question 14

Countercurrent exchange

Answer 14

Anti-parallel arrangement of vascular tissue that enables heat to be transferred from a vessel carrying fluid from the core to extremity, to a vessel carrying fluid from an extremity to the core

Question 15

cuticle

Answer 15

Waxy layer on the outer side of epidermal cells; waxy outer layer on leaves

Question 16

Dendrites

Answer 16

Branched extensions of the nerve cell that transmit impulses to the cell

Question 17

Ectothermic

Answer 17

Organism whose body temperature is governed by external sources of heat

Question 18

Effector neurons

Answer 18

Type of nerve cell that transmits information from information from the central nervous system to muscle cells or glands

Question 19

Endocrine Glands

Answer 19

Glands that produce hormones, and place them into the bloodstream where they travel to particular targets

Question 20

Endocrine Systems

Answer 20

system of ductless glands that produce hormones and releases them to the bloodstreams

Question 21

Endothermic

Answer 21

Organism whose body heat is generated from internal metabolic sources

Question 22

Evaporation

Answer 22

Loss of water vapour from the surface of the body

Question 23

Evaporative cooling

Answer 23

Cooling of the body achieved when heat energy is used to evaporate liquid sweat from the skin and heat energy is lost from the body

Question 24

External environment

Answer 24

Environment outside an organism

Question 25

Free water

Answer 25

Water available for an animal to use, including to drink

Question 26

Glucose

Answer 26

A six-carbon sugar; a common monosaccharide that is absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion

Question 27

Homeostasis

Answer 27

Condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits

Question 28

Homeothermic

Answer 28

Refers to an organism that is able to maintain an internal body temperature within a narrow range

Question 29

Countercurrent exchange

Answer 29

Anti-parallel arrangement of vascular tissue that enables heat to be transferred from a vessel carrying fluid from the core to extremity, to a vessel carrying fluid from an extremity to the core

Question 30

cuticle

Answer 30

Waxy layer on the outer side of epidermal cells; waxy outer layer on leaves

Question 31

Dendrites

Answer 31

Branched extensions of the nerve cell that transmit impulses to the cell

Question 32

Ectothermic

Answer 32

Organism whose body temperature is governed by external sources of heat

Question 33

Effector neurons

Answer 33

Type of nerve cell that transmits information from information from the central nervous system to muscle cells or glands

Question 34

Endocrine Glands

Answer 34

Glands that produce hormones, and place them into the bloodstream where they travel to particular targets

Question 35

Endocrine Systems

Answer 35

system of ductless glands that produce hormones and releases them to the bloodstreams

Question 36

Endothermic

Answer 36

Organism whose body heat is generated from internal metabolic sources

Question 37

Evaporation

Answer 37

Loss of water vapour from the surface of the body

Question 38

Evaporative cooling

Answer 38

Cooling of the body achieved when heat energy is used to evaporate liquid sweat from the skin and heat energy is lost from the body

Question 39

External environment

Answer 39

Environment outside an organism

Question 40

Free water

Answer 40

Water available for an animal to use, including to drink

Question 41

Glucose

Answer 41

A six-carbon sugar; a common monosaccharide that is absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion

Question 42

Homeostasis

Answer 42

Condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits

Question 43

Homeothermic

Answer 43

Refers to an organism that is able to maintain an internal body temperature within a narrow range