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Advanced physiology > homeostasis > Flashcards

homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

physiology is an _____science

A

integrative

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2
Q

complex systems have ___properties

A

emergent

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3
Q

genomics

A

study of all the genomes of an organism

human genome project

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4
Q

proteomics

A

study of all of the proteins of an organism

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5
Q

the physiome project

A

molecular, cellular, and physiological information

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6
Q

epigenetics

A

when genes get turned on and off.

environmental effects

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7
Q

physiology

A

the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts
includes all its chemical and physical processes

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8
Q

what is the smallest unit of stricture capable of carrying out all life processes?

A

the cell

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9
Q

what is the organization of life?

A

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms

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10
Q

which organs make up the circulatory system?

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

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11
Q

what is the function of the circulatory system?

A

transport of materials between all cells of the body

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12
Q

Which organs are in the digestive system?

A

stomach
intestine
liver
pancrease

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13
Q

what is the function of the digestive system?

A

conversion of food into particles that can be transported into the body; elimination of some wasts

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14
Q

which organs are in the endocrine system?

A

thyroid gland

adrenal gland

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15
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system?

A

coordination of body function through synthesis and release of regulatory molecules.

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16
Q

which organs are in the immune system?

A

thymus
spleen
lymph nodes

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17
Q

what is the function of the immune system?

A

defense against foreign invaders

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18
Q

which organs make up the integumentary system?

A

the skin

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19
Q

what is the function of the integumentary system?

A

protection from external environment

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20
Q

which organs make up the musculoskeletal system?

A

skeleton
muscles
bone

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21
Q

what is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

A

support and movement

22
Q

what organs make up the nervous system?

A

brain

spinal cord

23
Q

which organs make up the reproductive system?

A

ovaries
uterus
testes

24
Q

what is the function of the reproductive system?

A

perpetuation of the species

25
Q

which organs are in the urinary system?

A

kidneys

bladder

26
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system?

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon between the internal and external environments

27
Q

which organs make up the respiratory system?

A

lungs

airways

28
Q

what is the function of the urinary system?

A

maintenance of water and solutes in the internal environment, waste removal

29
Q

Function explains the ___

A

why

30
Q

process or mechanism describes the ___

A

how

31
Q

____ and ____ are closely related.

A

Structure and function

32
Q

living organisms need ___

A

energy

33
Q

____maintains internal stability

A

homeostasis

34
Q

homeostasis

A 
regulation of the body's internal environment 
keeping internal environment stable 
interaction between:
outside world 
extracellular fluid
intracellular fluid
35
Q

Homeostasis is not the same as equilibrium. It is said to be a ______ _______ state.

A

Dynamic steady state

we are always changing but our body is trying to keep it at a steady state

36
Q

what happens when you cant reach homeostasis or if you fail to compensate for a change?

A

disease/death

37
Q

If homeostasis were impossible, what would happen when we participate in any type of activity?

A

we wouldnt be able to compensate for all the changes that would take place in our bodies and we would die.

38
Q

intrinsic control

A

inherent in an organ

ex: CO2 and vessel dilation in muscles

39
Q

extrinsic control

A

outside the organ to alter the activity of the organ (body wide)

40
Q

where is extrinsic control accomplished?

A

in the nervous and endocrine systems by hormones.

41
Q

what is an example of positive feedback?

A

oxytocin release.
the baby drops lower in the uterus and initiates cervical stretch which then stimulates oxytocin release which causes contractions which pushes baby again the cervix which then causes cervical stretch and the cycle continues until the baby is delivered.

42
Q

what is the transport mechanism for nutrients?

A

the extracellular fluid (ECF)

43
Q

what is ECF made up of?

A

blood plasma and interstitial fluid

44
Q

what is the equation for mass flow?

A

concentration x volume flow = mass flow (amount per unit time)

45
Q

What is the mass flow for 50g glucose per liter given i.v. at 2 ml/min (WORK IT OUT!)

A

0.1g glucose/min

46
Q

which ion(s) is ECF high in?

A

Na+ and Cl-

47
Q

which ion(s) is ICF high in?

A

K+

48
Q

what are the steps of experimental design?

A 
hypothesis
independent and dependent variables
experimental controls 
data collection and replications 
difference between models and theories
49
Q

why is it hard to interpret the results of human experiments?

A

there is genetic and environmental variability
the placebo effect and nocebo effect
ethics of human as test subjects

50
Q

Negative feedback

A

stabilizes variable (opposes changes)

51
Q

positive feedback

A

reinforces stimulus

52
Q

feedforward control

A

anticipates change

Advanced physiology (8 decks)

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