Homeostasis Flashcards
Homeostasis?
What are some examples of kinds of biological levels that are regulated?
Body regulates internal mileu, reacting to external stimuli.
internal mileu ex. affected by…
physiological need ~
- body temp.
- glucose lvl
- h2O content
psychological ~
alliesthesia:
- internal mileu and effect from external stimuli
Negative Feedback Loop?
Behaviors that reduce discrepancy between current + desired states.
Positive Feedback Loop?
Behaviors that increase discrepancy between current + desired states.
Aliesthesia?
Relationship between perception of pleasure/displeasure from a stimuli and the internal state of the organism.
Perception dictates like or dislike and thus effect on internal mileu.
Thirst sensations and inhibitors?
Sensations 4 Thirst:
- mouth dryness
- psychological satisfaction (due to satiety quality)
- fluid loss regulation
- physiological
Inhibitors:
–> Anything that fulfill desire
- stomach stretching
- water down throat
3 components of energy requirements?
Baseline:
–> Resting metabolism,
Additional Unregulated:
–> Thermic effects (digestion, absorption, storing),
Changing:
–> Physical activity
Resting metabolism?
Oxygen consumptions
(energy required to sustain normal body functions and homeostasis in an awake individual under ambient thermoneutral conditions and during rest.)
Thermic effects
During what bodily processes?
Body uses energy to
- digest,
- absorb,
- transport,
- and store nutrients
(from food and drink).
Energy Homeostasis?
Balance between energy intake + energy expenditure.
–> Brain monitors energy relevant hormones to correct imbalances.
Cephalic Response?
Response to seeing/smelling food.
Includes:
- secretion of gastric juices
- increased salivation
- hunger…
(visual quality influences response)
Brain monitor of energy stores?
Via hypothalamus through hormones lvls.
–> Leptin: satiation
–> Ghrelin: hunger
Palatability + Amount Desired?
hedonic value –> based upon: texture, aroma, flavor.
Boundary Model of Eating?
what is in middle? –> Zone of?
+ other (psychological) type of boundary
Zone of biological indifference, restrained vs. unrestrained eating.
Zone of Biological Indifference?
Exists between the extremes of hunger and fullness.
(within bounds)
Restrained vs. Unrestrained Eating.?
Regulation of eating behaviors.
Valence (hedonic tone)?
The pleasantness or unpleasantness of an emotional stimuli.
Why would diet boundary be crossed?
Positive cognitive effects triggered by a lapse from…
- binge eating
- stress
- negative affect
- positive affect
Refeeding Syndrome
Sometimes fatal, physiological response induced from eating after long duration of starvation.
–> Problems in digestion and bodily regulation.
Sensory-Specific Satiety?
Prolonged exposure to food results in decrease in experienced pleasure.
Innate food Preferences?
(Repeated exposure tends to be evaluated more positively)
Innate Preferences:
–> sweets (high cal.)
–> salty (sodium)
–> sour (nutrients in fermented foods)
Conditioned Food Preferences?
Manufactured…
–> Unconscious psychologically / physiologically - induced desire.
–> Taste influenced by associated experiences
Restoring Homeostasis?
Negative feedback loops + internal regulatory systems.
