Arousal + Affective Valence Flashcards
Arousal?
Energy occurring in preparation for or during behavior.
Physiological Arousal?
What happens?
Bodily changes from being energized.
^ Brain uses more O2 + glucose.
Autonomic NS response
–> Sympathetic: Instigates action readiness.
–> Parasympathetic: Rest + digest.
Thayer’s Subjective Arousal Theory?
Energetic Arousal ~
Alert: (more active, positive valence)
*tired —> awake
Tense Arousal ~
Anxiety: (more active, negative valence)
*calmness —> anxiety
Factors influencing arousal?
Stimuli in Environment…
- Cue type: determines type
- Arousing lvl: determines intensity
Background Stimuli…
–> peripheral stimuli / context
Sympathetic NS?
Instigates action readiness.
PARAsympathetic NS?
Rest + digest.
Quality of arousal dependent on?
- Valence
- Intensity
Affective Valence?
‘Good’ or ‘Bad’ characteristics of emotion.
Hedonic Reversal?
Perception of affective valence switches.
Collative Variables?
Influencing drive (arousal) induced…
- Novelty (linear association)
- Value of incentive (linear association)
- Likelihood of success (inverse association)
Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Arousal extremes = bad for functioning
Curvilinear Relationship?
Think optimal task for each arousal extreme.
Optimal arousal lvl dependent on difficulty of task.
low arousal –> best for difficult tasks
high arousal –> best for easy tasks
Zone of Optimal Performance Hypothesis?
If someone like —, then may have more optimal lvls here…
Individual differences may influence zone of optimal performance.
Hull-Spence Drive Theory?
The stronger the drive (arousal), the greater the psychological push for ALL responses.
–> easy tasks more push to correct answers
(doesn’t take as much time, satisfying impulse)
–> difficult tasks more push to incorrect answers
(perhaps due to increased impulsiveness, thus less likely to work through correctly)
Cusp Catastrophe Model?
–> A high and low of cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal may improve performance (vice versa).
–> Mid-lvls of arousal generally most optimal.
When cusp surpassed… Tonic immobility.
(‘fight, flight’ –> !freeze!)
Processing Efficiency Theory?
Anxiety influences arousal… influencing performance.
–> hinders working memory
Stimulus Complexity?
May increase arousal.
Optimal lvl of Stimulation Theory?
(affective valence relationship)
Each person has optimal lvl associated with highest positive affective valence.
–> usually moderate lvl
–> extremes = neg. affective valence
Somatic Anxiety
Physiological Tension.
Cognitive Anxiety?
Negative expectations, concerns about performance.
Cusp Tonic Immobility?
–> Drop in performance
Final reaction to extremely stressful / dangerous stimuli
–> Adaptive
