Homeostasis Flashcards
What are the main endocrine glands?
Hypothalamus/pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ovaries/testicles
What does the pituitary gland do?
Controls most but not all the glands in the body
What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
Anterior and posterior
What are the roles of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland?
Anterior - produces various hormones
Posterior - stores various hormones
What hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?
Growth hormone (GH)
ACTH
FSH & LH
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland store?
ADH -stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney
Oxytocin- helps uterus contract during labour
How is the pituitary controlled?
Anterior pituitary is under control if the hypothalamus
CRH stimulates ATCH secretion
GHRH stimulates GH secretion
TRH stimulates TSH secretion
GnRH stimulates FSH & LH secretion
Why is prolactin different to other hormones produced by the anterior pituitary?
Prolactin is under the inhibitory effect of the hypothalamus
How are pituitary hormones switched off?
Cortisol switches off ACTH 5 CRH
All the other hormones use negative feedback
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What glands are not controlled by the pituitary?
Adrenal medulla
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Gut hormones
What is the role of the adrenal medulla?
Produces adrenaline and noradrenaline
What is the role of the parathyroid?
Produces PTH which controls calcium levels
What cells make up the thyroid gland?
Follicular cells
Colloid
C cells
How is thyroid hormone secretion controlled?
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What is the difference between primary and secondary hyperthyroidism?
Primary is when the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone
Secondary is when the pituitary gland produces too much TSH and therefore too much thyroid hormone is produced,
