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GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY > HOMEOSTASIS > Flashcards

HOMEOSTASIS Flashcards

1
Q

the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable and relatively constant internal
environment despite external changes.

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

a crucial aspect of life because it ensures that the conditions necessary for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs are consistently met.

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

Homeostasis involves the regulation of various physiological variables within a narrow and optimal range like:

A

temperature,
pH,
blood glucose levels,
ion
concentrations

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4
Q

Sex of red-eared slider turtle at below 28 °C? Above 31°C? In between?

A

Male
Female
Hermaphrodite

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5
Q

Key Components of Homeostasis (5)

A

Set point
Sensors/Receptors
Control Centers
Effectors
Feedback loops

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6
Q

represents the ideal or optimal level of the variable

A

Set point

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7
Q

continuously monitor the internal
conditions and detect any deviations from the set point; typically
located in various parts of the body and send signals to control centers when changes are detected.

A

Sensors,/Receptors

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8
Q

often located in the
brain or other central nervous system
structures, receive and process
information from the sensors. They
compare the current conditions to the set
point and generate appropriate commands to regulate the variable.

A

Control centers

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9
Q

are the organs, tissues, or cells that
carry out the control center’s commands. They can either increase or decrease the variable being regulated to bring it back to the set point.

A

Effectors

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10
Q

are self-regulating
mechanisms

A

Feedback loops

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11
Q

any
deviation from the set
point triggers a response that opposes
or counteracts the
deviation, bringing the variable back towards
the set point. This type
of feedback helps maintain stability.
- Ex. Body temperature
regulation

A

Negative Feedback

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12
Q

the response
amplifies the initial
deviation from the set
point, rather than
opposing it. It is less
common in homeostasis
and is often associated
with processes like blood
clotting and childbirth,
where a rapid change or
response is needed.

A

Positive feedback

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13
Q

Mechanisms of Homeostasis

A

Control Systems
Negative Feedback loop
Positive Feedback loop

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14
Q

Importance of Homeostasis

A

Balance and Stability
Optimal Functioning
Protection against External
Factors
Prevention of Diseases

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15
Q

ensures that
various systems work in harmony to support our
overall health and well-being.

A

Balance and Stability

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16
Q

enables our body to function
optimally by regulating essential processes such
as body temperature, blood pressure, pH levels,
and nutrient levels.

A

Optimal Functioning

17
Q

protect our body from changes in the environment or exposure to
toxins.

A

Protection against External
Factors

18
Q

plays a vital role in disease
prevention. Imbalances or disruptions to
homeostasis can lead to the development of
various disorders and illnesses.

A

Prevention of disease

19
Q

Examples of Homeostasis in the Human Body

A
  1. Maintaining body temperature
  2. regulating blood glucose levels
  3. controlling blood pH, and balancing water and electrolyte levels.
20
Q

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

A

Stimulation
Reception
Processing
Counteract on the stimulus

21
Q

allows blood surface area to be
exposed to cooler environment

A

Sweat and vasodilation

22
Q

T or F
Evaporative cooling and convection
cooling happen when temperature decrease.

A

F

decrease —> increase

23
Q

ensures that only a small surface area
of the veins is exposed to the cooler outside temperature, retaining heat.

A

Goosebumps and vasoconstriction

24
Q

T or F
When there is a decrease in temperature, less convection occurs in which normal temperature regained.

A

T

25
Q

Blood Pressure Regulation (Baroreflex) and Osmoregulation is under what feedback loop?

A

Negative feedback loop

26
Q

needs to remain high enough to
pump blood to all parts of the body, but not so high
as to cause damage while doing so.

A

Blood pressure

27
Q
  1. While the heart is pumping, baroreceptors detect the pressure of the blood going through the arteries.
  2. If the pressure is too high or too low, a chemical signal is sent to the brain via the glossopharyngeal nerve.
  3. The brain then sends a chemical signal to the heart to adjust the rate of pumping: if blood pressure is low, heart rate increases, while if blood pressure is high, heart rate decreases.

Which statement is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 & 3 only
C. 2 only
D. All of the statements are correct.

A

D

28
Q
  1. This water enters the fish by diffusion through the gills, through food consumption, and through drinking.
  2. Also, because the concentration of salt is higher outside than inside the fish, there is passive diffusion of salt into the fish and water out of the fish.
  3. When salt concentration is too high in the fish, salt ions must be released through excretion.
  4. This occurs via the skin, and in very concentrated urine. In addition, high salt levels in the blood are removed via active transport by the chloride secretory cells in the gills.

Which statement is/are correct?
A. 1 & 2 only
B. 1 & 3 only
C. 4 only
D. All of the statements are correct.

A

D

29
Q

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

A

Stimulation
Reception
Processing
Stimuli are activated even more

30
Q

Example of Positive Feedback Mechanism

A

Blood clotting mechanism
Childbirth

31
Q
  1. When a wound creates bleeding, the body responds by clotting the blood and preventing blood loss through a positive feedback loop.
  2. The wounded blood vessel wall releases substances that start the clotting process. Platelets in the blood begin to adhere to the wounded area and produce substances that attract more platelets.
  3. As the platelets continue to accumulate, more chemicals are released, and more platelets are drawn to the clot location.
  4. The clotting process is decelerated by the positive feedback until the clot is large enough to halt the bleeding.

Which statement/s is/are incorrect about blood clotting mechanism?
A. 1 & 2 only
B. 1 & 3 only
C. 4 only
D. All of the statements are correct.

A

C

decelerated —-> accelerated

32
Q
  1. In humans, a positive feedback mechanism is noticed during childbirth, which is caused by the baby pressing against the ovary wall.
  2. The brain receives the pushing feeling via several nerves, and the adrenal is stimulated to generate oxytocin in response.
  3. The oxytocin feedback loop is responsible for uterine muscle contractions, which cause the fetus to come closer to the cervix, thereby increasing the stimulation.
  4. Until baby is born, the positive feedback loop continues.

Which statement/s is/are incorrect about childbirth?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 4 only
D. All of the statements are correct.

A

B

adrenal —> pituitary

33
Q

Factors Affecting Homeostasis

A

External Influences
Internal Influences

34
Q

Examples of external Influences causing disruption to homeostasis

A

Extreme temperature
Toxins
Stress

35
Q

Examples of internal Influences causing disruption to homeostasis

A

Hormonal imbalance
Genetic disorders
Organ dysfunction

36
Q

Common Homeostatic Disorders (4)

A

Diabetes
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism

37
Q

Ways to Support Homeostasis -
Tips for Maintaining Balance

A

Healthy lifestyle habits
Seek medical treatment

38
Q

Renzo experienced hunger despite eating, and his blood sugar levels were higher than normal. In
this situation, we see a disruption in homeostasis because his blood sugar stayed too high after
eating.
❑ Normally, an increased blood sugar after a meal would return to the normal range by the activity of
insulin secreted by the pancreas. When blood sugar returns to normal, insulin secretion stops.
❑ In Renzo’s case, his pancreas has stopped making insulin.
❑ Thus, the doctor prescribed an insulin pump to take over for his pancreas.
❑ Now when Renzo eats, the insulin pump puts insulin into his blood and his blood sugar levels are
maintained near the set point.

A

Walang sagot. Basahin mo lang yung case ni Renzo.

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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