Homeostasis Flashcards
It is the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable and relatively constant internal environment despite external changes.
Homeostasis
It is a crucial aspect of life because it ensures that the conditions necessary for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs are consistently met
Homeostasis
Homeostasis involves the regulation of various physiological variables, such as;
temperature
pH
blood glucose levels
ion concentrations
Red-eared slider turtle
Macroclemys
Emys obicularis
• Red-eared slider turtle
28-31
• Macroclemys
22-28
• Emys obicularis
25-30
What are the key components of homeostasis?
- Set point
- Sensors of Receptors
- Control Center
- Effectors
- Feedback Loop
• Negative Feedback Loop
• Positive Feedback Loop
• It represents the ideal or optimal level of the variable.
• For example, in humans, the set point for body temperature is around ________
Set point
98.6°F (37°C).
It continuously monitor the internal conditions and detect any deviations from the set point.
Sensors or Receptors
They are typically located in various parts of the body and send signals to control centers when changes are detected.
Sensors or Receptors
It is often located in the brain or other central nervous system structures, receive and process information from the sensors.
Control centers
They compare the current conditions to the set point and generate appropriate commands to regulate the variable.
Control centers
Are the organs, tissues, or cells that carry out the control center’s commands.
Effectors
They can either increase or decrease the variable being regulated to bring it back to the set point.
Effectors
Homeostasis is typically maintained through ________
feedback loops
are self-regulating mechanisms.
feedback loops
Two main types of feedback loops.
Negative Feedback Loops
Positive Feedback Loops
Any deviation from the set point triggers a response that opposes or counteracts the deviation, bringing the variable back towards the set point.
Negative Feedback Loops
This type of feedback helps maintain stability
Negative Feedback Loops
________ temperatures causes hypothalamus to ________ thyroxin release and ________ metabolic rate of the body to ________ heat.
Colder - stimulate - increase - generate
Hotter - inhibit - decrease - reduce
The response amplifies the initial deviation from the set point, rather than opposing it.
Positive Feedback Loops
It is less common in homeostasis and is often associated with processes like blood clotting and childbirth, where a rapid change or response is needed.
Positive Feedback Loops
Mechanisms of Homeostasis
Control system - homeostasis is maintained due to the help of control systems such as feedback loops, hormones and nervous system.
Negative Feedback Loops
Positive Feedback Loops
The importance of homeostasis
- Balance and stability
- Optimal functioning
- Protection against external factors
- Prevention of diseases
Examples of Homeostasis in the Human Body
1.Maintainingbody temperature 2.regulating blood glucose levels 3.controlling blood pH, and balancing water and electrolyte levels.
4 Processes in Negative Feedback
Stimulation
Reception
Processing
Counteract on the stimulus
Examples of Negative Feedback Loops
• Temperature: Sweat - Evaporative cooling - Temperature drops - Goosebumps appear - Less Convection - Temperature increases
• Blood Pressure Regulation
• Osmoregulation
4 Processes in Positive Feedback Loops
- Stimulation
- Reception
- Processing
- Stimuli are activated even more
2 Factors affecting homeostasis
• External influences (temperature, toxins, and stress)
• Internal causes (hormonal imbalances, genetic disorders, and organ dysfunction)
Common Homeostatic Disorders
(Conditions Resulting from Homeostatic Imbalances)
Diabetes
Hypertension
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Ways to support Homeostasis
(Tips for Maintaining Balance)
Healthy Lifestyle Habits
Seek Medical Treatment
