Homeostasis

Question 1

Concept of homeostasis was first described by?

Answer 1

A French physiologist, Claude Bernard, 1849

Question 2

Who coined the term Homeostasis

Answer 2

Walter Bradford Cannon, 1926

Question 3

First to say higher brain function required the most stable internal environment

Answer 3

British physiologist, Joseph Barcroft, 1932

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

This is the state of steady internal, physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

Question 5

Variables that require regulation

Answer 5

Body fluid balance
Blood pressure
Glucose levels
Packed cell volume
Temperature
pH of blood
Blood sugar level
Concentration of Ca ions
Iron levels
Blood oxygen
Conc of Na ions
Conc of K ions
Level of blood gases
Copper concentration
Cerebrospinal fluid
Neurotransmission
Neuroendocrine system
Gene regulation
Energy balance

Question 6

Milieu Interieur

Answer 6

Internal environment, environment in which cells are found. Thus, defined as the fluid inside be body, but outside the cell (ECF).

Question 7

Homeostatic range

Answer 7

Pre-set limits for optimal functioning of an organism.

Question 8

Set point

Answer 8

A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates.

Question 9

Normal range

Answer 9

Restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable for the organism to function properly.

Question 10

Set point of body temperature

Answer 10

Approximately 37⁰C or 98.6⁰F

Question 11

pH of ECF

Answer 11

7.4

And is regulated by respiratory system, blood and kidney.

Question 12

Feedback mechanism

Answer 12

This is the physiological loop that brings the body towards (or in some instances, away) from the normal, steady environment.

Question 13

Components of a feedback mechanism

Answer 13

1) A sensor (receptor)

2) A control center

3) An effector

Question 14

Receptors include?

Answer 14

• Thermoreceptors
• Mechanoreceptors

Question 15

Control centers include

Answer 15

• respiratory center
• Temperature regulating center
• Renin-angiotensin system

Question 16

The control of bile acids in the liver is an example of _____ receptor

Answer 16

Nuclear receptor

Question 17

Receptor that can stop stressful neurotransmitter release to the post synaptic neuron is ____ and located ____

Answer 17

Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)

Presynaptic neuron

Question 18

What activates CB1 (cannabinoid receptor type 1)?

Answer 18

Endocannabinoids (ECs)