Body Fluid

Question 1

What percentage of tbw is water in males & females

Answer 1

Males - 60%

Females - 50%

Question 2

What is responsible for the difference in water percentage of male & female?

Answer 2

The sex hormones in females promote development of adipose tissue which has a very small percentage of water.

Question 3

What tissue has the most water content?

Answer 3

Kidney tissues (83%)

Question 4

Mention some tissues of the body and their water content

Answer 4

Kidney tissues - 83

Lungs - 79

Heart - 79

Skeletal muscle - 76

Brain - 75

Skin - 72

Liver - 68

Skeleton - 22

Adipose tissue - 10

Question 5

Explain the properties of water that make it suitable to regulate body temperature

Answer 5

• Thermal conductivity:
  It’s great thermal conductivity allows the circulating blood carry heat rapidly from active part of the body.
• High specific heat capacity
  It’s high specific heat capacity allows the blood to absorb a large amount of heat with a very small increase in body temperature.
• High latent heat of vaporisation
  Its high heat of vaporisation allows for the evaporation of sweat through the skin leading to loss of considerable amount of heat. Thus regulating body temperature.

Question 6

Functions of water

Answer 6

• Solvent - water dissolves or holds in suspension other materials in the protoplasm
• Moistens surface area of lungs for gaseous exchange
• Serves as a medium for digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion & secretion.
• Serves as temperature regulator
• Serves as cushion é.g cerebrospinal fluid which serves as cushion for brain & spinal cord which are delicate organs
• Serves as lubricants é.g synovial fluid in synovial joints.
• Aids in sense organs’ function: smell and taste are a result of chemical composition in solution
• Means of transportation of substances like O2, nutrients, waste, hormones
• Medium for hydrolysis

Question 7

ICF is a homogeneous fluid? T/F

Answer 7

F

Question 8

Most abundant ions in ICF?

Answer 8

K ion

Question 9

What controls tge constituent of the cells (concerning ICF)

Answer 9

Cell membrane

Cellular metabolism

Question 10

What is ICF?

Answer 10

ICF is the totality of fluids inside all the different cells. It takes ⅔ of the total body water.

Question 11

What is ECF?

Answer 11

ECF is the totality of fluids outside the cell. It makes up ⅓ of the total body water.

Question 12

Primary ions in ECF?

Answer 12

Na, Cl, Bicarbonate

Question 13

ECF is divided into how many compartments?

Answer 13

4

Interstitial fluid

Plasma

Lymph

Transcellular fluid

Question 14

What is transcellular fluid?

Answer 14

Transcellular fluid is a fluid specially secreted by specialised organs for special and specific functions.

Question 15

Properties of a marker

Answer 15

• It must be nontoxic
• It must be able to stain well
• It must be a substance that can be measured
• It must be able to get to the compartment to be measured

Question 16

What is lymph

Answer 16

Lymph is the ultrafilterate of plasma