Homeostasis Flashcards
Osmosis is a form of:
- Passive transport
- Active transport
Passive transport
Which is transported in osmosis?
- Ions
- Protein
- Water
Water
Serve as receptors, channels, enzymes, and pumps in the cell membrane:
- Water
- Protein
- Glycocalyx
Protein
What happens to the cell in a hypotonic solution?
- It shrinks.
- It swells.
- Nothing.
It swells.
What happens to the cell in a hypertonic solution?
- It shrinks.
- It swells.
- Nothing.
It shrinks.
Nerve and muscle cells depend on this potential prior to transmission of information:
- Action potential
- Resting membrane potential
Action potential
Charged particles (positive or negative) are able to pass the cell membrane easily.
- True
- False
False
Lipid-soluble substances are able to pass the cell membrane easily.
- True
- False
True
Ions with negative charges:
- Anions
- Cations
Anions
Which ion is greater intracellularly in a resting state?
- Potassium
- Sodium
Potassium
Which condition/s contribute to the negative potential inside the cell?
- Presence of negatively charged proteins inside the cell.
- Leaky potassium channels allowing potassium to leave the cell.
- Sodium-potassium pump causing 3 sodium ions to enter the cell and 2 potassium ions to exit the cell
- A and B
- A, B, and C
A, B, and C
In depolarization, ___ channels open.
- Sodium
- Potassium
Sodium
In repolarization, ___ channels open.
- Sodium
- Potassium
Potassium
During depolarization the membrane potential becomes:
- Positive
- Negative
Positive
During repolarization, the membrane potential becomes:
- Positive
- Negative
Negative
Describe the membrane potential during depolarization. It becomes:
- Less negative to positive.
- Positive to negative.
Less negative to positive.
What is the direction of movement of potassium ions when potassium channels open? These ___ the cell.
- Exit
- Enter
Exit
Which best describes hyperpolarization?
- The membrane potential becomes more negative due to an excess of potassium leaving the cell.
- The membrane potential becomes more negative due to an excess of sodium leaving the cell.
The membrane potential becomes more negative due to an excess of potassium leaving the cell.
Which best describes the receptor in a feedback mechanism?
- Sends information from the control/integrating center to the effector.
- Is responsible for the change in stimulus.
- Detects the change in stimulus.
Detects the change in stimulus.
Which best describes the stimulus in a feedback mechanism?
- Interprets the meaning of the stimulus.
- Represents a change in the variable.
- Detects the change in stimulus.
Represents a change in the variable.
Which best describes the effector in a feedback mechanism?
- Detects the change in stimulus.
- Executes the output as the response.
- Interprets the meaning of the stimulus and decides the output.
Executes the output as the response.
Which best describes the control/integrating center in a feedback mechanism?
- Executes the output as the response.
- Interprets the meaning of the stimulus and decides the output.
- Detects the change in stimulus.
Interprets the meaning of the stimulus and decides the output.
The most common feedback mechanism in maintaining homeostasis is ___.
- Negative
- Positive
Negative
Input in a feedback mechanism refers to the:
- Transmission along sensory fibers from the receptor to the control center.
- Information from the receptors.
- A and B
A and B
Output and input in a feedback mechanism are:
- Signals or information transmitted through action potentials.
- From the control/integrating center.
- From the receptor.
Signals or information transmitted through action potentials.
Semi-permeable membrane:
- Means that the membrane is selective in allowing substances to pass; some may, some may not.
- Is due to the composition of the membrane being a phospholipid bilayer.
- A and B
A and B
All forms of cellular transport occur in the:
- Cytoplasm.
- Cell membrane.
- Nucleus.
Cell membrane.
Diffusion:
- Is a form of passive transport.
- Does not require energy.
- Occurs if there is a difference in concentration gradient.
- A, B, and C
A, B, and C
Facilitated diffusion:
- Allows charged particles such as ions to pass the membrane.
- Needs energy.
- Needs channels or carrier proteins.
- A and C
- A, B, and C
A, B, and C
Osmosis:
- Is the diffusion of water.
- Needs energy.
- Needs enzymes.
- A, B, and C
Is the diffusion of water.
Active transport:
- Needs energy in the form of ATP.
- Needs protein such as a pump.
- Refers to the movement of substances from a higher to a lower concentration gradient.
- A and B
- A, B, and C
A and B
Describe/s the Na-K pump in the cell membrane:
- Allows 3 Na ions to exit while 2 K ions enter.
- Needs energy in the form of ATP.
- Important to maintain the resting membrane potential (RMP).
- A, B, and C
A, B, and C
Bulk transport:
- Includes phagocytosis, pinocytosis, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
- Needs energy.
- Refers to the movement of bigger substances.
- A, B, and C
A, B, and C
Describes the resting membrane potential (RMP):
- The potential inside the cell is negative while outside the cell is positive.
- Required for action potentials to develop.
- A and B
A and B
The resting membrane potential (RMP) is maintained by:
- Large, negatively-charged proteins inside the cell
- The Na-K pump
- Leaky potassium channels
- A, B, and C
The Na-K pump
In a resting membrane potential:
- Na is greater extracellularly
- K is greater intracellularly
- A and B
A and B
Negative 70 mv or -70 mv refers to the:
- Action potential
- Depolarization
- Resting membrane potential
- B and C
Resting membrane potential
Which of the following statement best describe the cell membrane?
- Oxygen, carbon dioxide and steroid hormones can easily cross the cell membrane because of the hydrophilic lipid by layer.
- Glycocalyx is an external coat of the cell that prevents the antibody from destroying the cell.
- The cell membrane is an organize structure such that the hydrophobic surface sandwich the hydrophilic end.
- The cell membrane allows the entry of the all substances hence it is called a semi-permeable membrane.
- All of the above
Glycocalyx is an external coat of the cell that prevents the antibody from destroying the cell.
Which of the following is true?
- Afferent is the transmission of action potential coming from the integrating center to the effector organ.
- Efferent is the transmission of action potential receptor to the integrating center.
- Receptor is the increase or decrease change of the variable.
- Variable conditions that control homeostasis.
- All of the above
Variable conditions that control homeostasis.
Which of the following best describe resting membrane potential?
- The concentration of potassium is greater outside the cell due to its continuous passage thru the Na-K pump.
- Proteins inside the cell maintains a positively charged environment.
- The greater number of sodium channel compared to potassium channel help maintain balance of the cell.
- The exit of a cation contributes to the negativity inside the cell.
- All of the above
The exit of a cation contributes to the negativity inside the cell.
The negative feedback mechanism:
- Promotes change in the controlled condition.
- Output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity.
- Prevents subtle changes in the body.
- Best exemplified by clotting mechanism.
- All of the above
Output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity.
The action of this mechanism is to continually reinforce a change in the controlled condition:
- Positive feedback
- Negative feed back
- Resting membrane potential
- Action potential
- None of the above
Positive feedback
The total body fluid is 60%. 40% is extracellular and 20% intracellular:
- First statement is true, and the second statement is false.
- First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
- Both statement is true.
- Both statement is false.
First statement is true, and the second statement is false.
Blood pressure is independent on body fluid volume as well as body fluid composition. If body fluid volume is low, the person becomes hypotensive.
- First statement is true, and the second statement is false.
- First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
- Both statement is true.
- Both statement is false.
First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
Potassium is one of the ions present in your body fluid. It is predominantly found inside the cell.
- First statement is true, and the second statement is false.
- First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
- Both statement is true.
- Both statement is false.
Both statement is true.
Receptor proteins allows the cell to attach to other cell or the extracellular molecules AND it binds to the signals which triggers cellular response:
- First statement is true, and the second statement is false.
- First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
- Both statement is true.
- Both statement is false.
First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
The nucleus of the cells is the one who controls the cellular structure AND it also directs cellular activities to maintain homeostasis.
- First statement is true, and the second statement is false.
- First statement is false, and the second statement is true.
- Both statement is true.
- Both statement is false.
Both statement is true.
Excitation of the cell:
- Opening of sodium channels allows large volume of electrical charges to flow from the interior to the exterior of the post synaptic cell.
- Decrease conduction of chloride ions going outside the cell and potassium ions going inside the cell.
- Different changes in the internal metabolism of the postsynaptic neuron cause to excite the cell.
- The inside of the cell becomes more negative than normal.
- All of the above
Different changes in the internal metabolism of the postsynaptic neuron cause to excite the cell.
Which of the following is true?
- Resting Neuron at 65 millivolts
- Inhibited Neuron at -70 millivolts
- Excited state at -65 millivolts
- All of the above
Inhibited Neuron at -70 millivolts
Excitation of the post-synaptic membrane:
- Action potentials generated at the presynaptic membrane opens the sodium channels.
- Voltage gated calcium channel opens increasing its permeability to calcium.
- The neurotransmitter released at the synaptic cleft by endocytosis.
- Action potential will not be generated despite reaching the threshold.
- None of the above
Voltage gated calcium channel opens increasing its permeability to calcium.
The threshold for neuron excitation:
- 45 millivolts excites the cell
- 20 millivolts more positive than normal
- Both statement are true
- Both statement are false
20 millivolts more positive than normal
Which statement is correct?
- A neuron in the excited state is more negative due to sodium ion influx.
- A neuron in the inhibited states is controlled by potassium ion efflux.
- Chloride ion influx makes the cell more excitable.
- Activation of receptor enzymes do not contribute in the generation or inhibition of action potentials.
- All of the above.
A neuron in the inhibited states is controlled by potassium ion efflux.
