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Biology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Reflex actions

A

Automatic and rapid, don’t involve the conscious parts of the brain
Involve sensory, relay and motor neurone

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2
Q

Reflex actions controls…

A

Everyday bodily functions ( breathing, digestion, helps you avoid danger)

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3
Q

Homeostasis is the

A

Regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external conditions

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4
Q

Why is homeostasis important?

A

Maintain optimum conditions for enzyme actions and all cell functions

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5
Q

In the human body homeostasis controls

A

blood glucose, concentration, temperature and water levels.

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6
Q

Reflex arc

A

Stimulus-> receptors -> sensory neurone-> relay neurone -> motor neurone -> effector-> response

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7
Q

Receptors

A

Detect stimuli (changes in environment)

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8
Q

Things the body controls during homeostasis

A

Carbon dioxide, urea, salt/sugar, water, oxygen, temp

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9
Q

Internal conditions that need to be controlled

A

Body temp, water content of the body, blood glucose concentration.

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10
Q

Receptors

A

Detects changes in the surrounding (internal and external environment)

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11
Q

Stimuli

A

Changes in the environment

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12
Q

Coordination centre

A

Controls/operates . Receives and process information from the receptors

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13
Q

Effector

A

Muscles and glands. Changes the conditions

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14
Q

Response

A

Acton taken by a processing centre as a reaction to a stimuli

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15
Q

Internal condition of body temp

A

Stimulus (temp changes) -> receptor (skin’) -> coordination centre (brain) -> effector (skin, muscle)

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16
Q

Internal condition of water content of body

A

Stimulus (changes in water content in blood) ->receptor (brain) -> coordination centre (pituiery gland) ->effector ( kidney)

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17
Q

Internal condition of blood glucose

A

Stimulus (change in blood glucose) -> receptor (pancreas) -> coordination centre(pancreas) -> effector(liver )

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18
Q

Nervous system consists of 2 parts which are…

A

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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19
Q

Nervous system carries…

A

Electrical impulses that travels at a fast speed

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20
Q

Nervous system enables us to….

A

Avoid danger
Find food
Find a mate

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21
Q

Are nervous system sensitive to change?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Stimuli

A

Are detected by cells called receptors when there’s any change

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23
Q

Receptors examples

A 
Sound 
Balance 
Eyes (sensitive to light )
Touch(skin)
Nose and tongue (smell and taste)
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24
Q

Types of receptor

A 
Light receptor in eyes
Sound receptor in ears
Taste receptor in tongue 
Smell receptor in nose 
Touch, pressure, temp receptor in skin 
Change of position receptor in ears (balance)
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25
Q

What do receptor detect?

A

Stimulus and sends an electric impulse along a sensory neurone

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26
Q

What do sensory neurone carry?

A

Electrical impulse to the CNS

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27
Q

What does the coordinator send?

A

Impulses down the motor neurone once all the incoming information is processed

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28
Q

What does the motor neurone do?

A

Carries the electric impulse to the effector

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29
Q

The effector

A

Brings about the responses needed

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30
Q

Neurone

A

Cell that carries electric impulse around the body

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31
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of hundreds or even thousands of neurone

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32
Q

Types of neurones

A

Sensory
Motor
Relay

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33
Q

Cell body

A

Contain cell nucleus

34
Q

Dendrites

A

Detect changes in the environment (stimuli’ and starts the electrical signal in the cell

35
Q

Axon

A

long extensions of the cyptoplasm that carries the electrical impulses from the cell body the the other neurones

36
Q

Myelin

A

(Fatty sheath) covers the axon

37
Q

Effectors

A

Muscles and glands that responds to stimuli

38
Q

Synapses

A

Gap between the neurone (neurones never touch each other). A signal is sent from one neurone to the next by a chemical transmitter across the synapse

39
Q

Pituitary glands

A

Secretes several hormone into the blood in response to body conditions

40
Q

Endocrine system

A

Composed of glands which secretes chemical called hormones directly into the bloodstreams. The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect

41
Q

Endocrine glands examples

A 
Pituitary
Thyroid
Pancreas
Adrenal 
Ovaries 
Testes
42
Q

Insulin

A

Hormon produced y the pancreas

43
Q

Glycogen

A

Animals store glucose as glycogen in their liver and muscle tissues increase

44
Q

Diabetes

A

A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar

45
Q

Oviduct

A

Carries the the egg to the uterus

46
Q

Ovary

A

Where the eggs are made

47
Q

Uterus

A

Here the baby grows

48
Q

Cervix

A

The opening of the uterus

49
Q

Vagina

A

Receives the sperm

50
Q

Penis

A

Carries the sperm out of the body

51
Q

Scrotum

A

A bag of skin which holds the testes

52
Q

Testes

A

Where the sperm are made

53
Q

Sperm tube

A

Carries the sperm to the penis

54
Q

Prostate gland

A

Add fluids to the sperm to make p semen

55
Q

Role of endocrine system is

A

Human reproduction

56
Q

During puberty the reproductive hormones cause…

A

Secondary sexual characteristics

57
Q

In men what do testes produce?

A

hormone testosterone

58
Q

Testosterone stimulate the testes to produce?

A

Sperm

59
Q

In women the ovaries produce?

A

The hormone oestrogen

60
Q

Ovulation

A

Once puberty begins eggs in the ovaries start to mature and every 28 days and egg is released

61
Q

The release of an egg every 28 days is part of the

A

Menstrual cycle

62
Q

In preparation of ovulation the uterus…

A

Uterus lining becomes thick and spongy

63
Q

If sperm is present when the egg makes it down the uterus it can be…

A

Fertilised

64
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Causes an egg to mature in the ovary

65
Q

Luteinising hormone (LH)

A

Causes this egg to be released in other words ovulation.

66
Q

Oestrogen

A

(produced by the ovary) and progesterone are involved in maintaining he uterus lining in case the egg is fertilised and implants

67
Q

In the first stage FSH is…

A

Released by the pituitary gland

68
Q

FSH travels in the blood to the ovaries where it causes…

A

An egg the mature

69
Q

At the same time FSH triggers…

A

The ovaries to make oestrogen

70
Q

Oestrogen causes…

A

The lining of the uterus to become thick

71
Q

Oestrogen also stops the….

A

Pituitary gland from releasing any more FSH

72
Q

Instead the pituitary gland releases

A

Luteinising hormone

73
Q

LH triggers…

A

Ovulation

74
Q

Once the ovary has released its egg the ovary…

A

Produces the hormone progesterone

75
Q

Progesterone has two effects which are…

A

Stops the pituitary gland from releasing FSH and LH so it prevents any mor eggs from maturing or being released
Progesterone keeps the lining of the uterus thick in case a fertilised egg implants

76
Q

Fertility drug

A

FSH and LH are given to a women which causes the women to ovulate more than usual

77
Q

In-vitro fertilisation

A

Fertilising the eggs in the laboratory, fertilised eggs then develop into embryos and once they’re tiny balls of cells these are inserted into the mother

78
Q

Benefits of IVF

A

Women can get a chance of a baby

79
Q

Problems with IVF

A 
Success rates not high 
Emotionally stressful for both parents 
Physically demanding on mother 
May lead to multiple births 
Many embryos may be destroyed (unethical) 
Expensive
80
Q

Negative feedback

A

Value will vary around a normal level within a limited range

Biology (7 decks)

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