Holocaust

Question 1

What is anti semitism?

Answer 1

Antisemitism is prejudice against or hatred of Jews.

Question 2

What was the holocaust? MIGHT COME UP IN EXAMS NEED TO GET THIS RIGHT

Answer 2

The holocaust was the persecution and murder of 6 million European jews by the Nazi German regime and its allies and collaborators. The Holocaust was an evolving process that took place throughout Europe between 1933 and 1945. Adolf hitler and the nazis came into power in 1933 and jews in germany faced terrible discrimination and prejudice during this period of time

Question 3

What did people think jews were? And what did Nazis believe about them?

Answer 3

A race instead of a religion. And that they were racially inferior to the ‘Aryan race’

Question 4

Prejudice meaning?

Answer 4

To pre-judge based on ethnicity (religion/appearance)

Question 5

What were some origins of anti-semitism?

Answer 5

Early christians taught that Jews had killed jesus
Forced to live seperately

Question 6

How many concentration camps were established between 1933-1945

Answer 6

25 concentration camps with 1100 smaller camps attatched to them

Question 7

When was the first concentration camp opened up?

Answer 7

On 22 March 1933, the first concentration camp opened near a town named Dachau, close to Munich.

Question 8

Why did anti-semitism grow so much during the 1930s? Name 3

Answer 8

-blamed jews for problems
-old hatred and old jealousies came out
-Negative stereotypes re-emerged
-April 1933 Jewish buisnesses boycotted

Question 9

Who was micheal Siegel?

Answer 9

Was a german jew who worked as a lawyer but when one of his clients was unlawfully arrested he went to the police headquarters to complain but was beaten up by nazis (knocking out his teeth and bursting one of his eardrums) and made him wear a sign saying “i will never again complain to the police” and made him march through Munich

Question 10

Why did Anti-semitism grow so much in the 1930s? Name 3 ways

Answer 10

-Nazis told germans not to buy from Jew owned shops
-Nazi laws passed against Jews
-jews unable to change names
-all jewish children expelled from school
-Jews have their driving licences removed.

Question 11

What was Kristallnacht?

Answer 11

Kristallnacht, the night of Novemeber 9-10, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish people and property. The name Kristallnacht refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left on the streets after these pograms

Question 12

Whats another name for kristallnacht?

Answer 12

Night of the broken glass

Question 13

How was kristallnacht prompted?

Answer 13

By the murder of a german Nazi officer

Question 14

What happened as germany took over more territory in Europe?

Answer 14

More jews became under the Nazis control and the discrimination and persectution of Jews became more widespread

Question 15

What did Heydrich order about Jews

Answer 15

Heydrich ordered that Jews should be moved to certain areas of towns and cities which would become ghettos. Entire communities were uprooted and shtetls devastated

Question 16

What is a ghetto?

Answer 16

They are certain areas of towns and cities.
Ghettos were sealed off from the rest of the world and the Jewish people inside could not leave or contact people outside

Question 17

Why were ghettos created?

Answer 17

During a time of war, the Germans saw Jews as an even bigger threat to their security and
so they wanted to control them.

Question 18

What were ghettos considered to be?

Answer 18

Ghettos were considered to be a temporary solution to what the Nazis saw as the Jewish ‘problem’.

Question 19

What was the madagascar plan?

Answer 19

It was a plan to move the jews there

Question 20

What was the biggest ghetto called?

Answer 20

The Warsaw ghetto

Question 21

How many jews were moved to the Warsaw ghetto?

Answer 21

The largest ghetto in Nazi-occupied Europe was in Warsaw, Poland. It was in a very small
part of the city - only a few streets - but around 460,000 Jews were violently moved from their homes and forced to live there.

Question 22

What were the Einsatzgruppen main duty?

Answer 22

Their main function in the Soviet Union was to murder Jewish men, women and children

Question 23

What were the Einsgruppen made up of?

Answer 23

They were made up of men from an armed SS force called the Waffen SS and from German security services

Question 24

When was the Warsaw ghetto created?

Answer 24

The Warsaw ghetto was created in October 1940.

Question 25

Name 2 death camps in Nazi occupied Poland.

Answer 25

Belzec and Chelmo

Question 26

How were people deported to camps?

Answer 26

People living in ghettos started to be sent to the death camps, where they were to be joined from all across Europe

Question 27

How did the Nazis treat the Jews?

Answer 27

They did not treat them like human beings

Question 28

Where did Jews fight back against the Nazis? Ghettos

Answer 28

It took place in ghettos, concentration camps and death camps in every German-occupied country.

Question 29

What were some places where Jews fought back at the Nazis in camps?

Answer 29

Treblinka, Sobibor and Auschwitz-Birkenau

Question 30

What happened in Treblinka? And what date did this happen?

Answer 30

Jewish prisoners seized weapons, set camp buildings on fire and rushed the main gate. Many were
killed by machine-gun fire. Although more than three hundred did escape, most were tracked down and killed. August 1943

Question 31

What happened in Sobibor? And what date did this happen?

Answer 31

In Sobibor (October 1943), a dozen guards were killed by Jewish prisoners and around
three hundred escaped. Most were later recaptured and killed, but about fifty did escape and survived the war.

Question 32

What happened in Auschwitz-Birkenau? And what date did this happen

Answer 32

In Auschwitz-Birkenau (October 1944), 250 prisoners blew up buildings, attacked the camp guards and escaped to the nearby forest. They were all hunted down and recaptured.

Question 33

Warsaw ghetto uprising april-may what happened?

Answer 33

-On 19 April 1943, German troops and police entered the ghetto to deport those still living
there. But they were immediately shot at by Jewish fighters using guns that had been smuggled into the ghetto. The troops were forced to retreat. Led by 23-year-old Mordechai Anielewicz, Jewish resistance lasted for almost a month.
-In response, the ruthless German forces burned the ghetto - building by building - and
forced Jews out of their hiding places. By 16 May 1943, the Germans had killed 7,000 Jews (including Anielewicz) and destroyed the ghetto. Those who were captured were sent to forced labour camps or murdered in Treblinka death camp.

Question 34

What are partisans?

Answer 34

They were typically resistance groups who escaped capture by hiding in the forests of Eastern Europe. Historians suggest that between 20,000 and 30,000 Jews joined the Partisans

Question 35

What ways did Nazis control germany?

Answer 35

-Propaganda
-Religion: the influence of the church was controlled. Church leaders were expected to support the nazis and there ideas
-family life: the nazis pressured women to marry, stay home and have children. Men were expected to work and join the army

Question 36

Why was the holocaust allowed to happen?

Answer 36

Two points to support that the nazis were the reason to blame for the holocaust
-german people killed over 6 million Jews
-Hitler blamed the Jews for everything that was wrong with the world

Two points to challenge
-ordinary people chose to actively participate in persecution and murder of Jews
-Winston Churchhill thought of it as not a prioity

Question 37

Perportrator meaning?

Answer 37

People that ordered, organised or carried out the killings

Question 38

Collaborator meaning?

Answer 38

People that supported the Nazis or helped to make killing possible

Question 39

Bystanders meaning?

Answer 39

People that did nothing either to help the Nazis or their victims