HOC6: Interviews Flashcards
how can interviews be defined -> what are the characteristics
- Definition: A guided conversation between two individuals or more (individual or group interview).
- Participants: Interviewer and interviewee(s), where the interviewee is also known as the respondent.
- Formats: Face-to-face, online, or telephone interviews.
- Primary Data Collection: A method leading to newly generated data, obtaining information directly from people.
- Common in Business and Management Studies: Much information in these fields is gathered from human respondents.
what are the 3 types of individual interviews
unstructured → qualitative research
semi-structured→ qualitative research
structured→ qualitative or quantitative ( pre-coded)
explain what unstructured individual interviews are
- respondent strongly leads direction of answers
- no clear clue what we can expect as an answer
- interviewer steers informal conversation by picking up on themes raised by respondent
- often no questions or only a few → so answers are not anticipated
- in depth , narrative
*involve open-ended and flexible conversations between the interviewer and interviewee, allowing for in-depth exploration of topics without a predetermined set of questions.
explain what semi-structured individual interviews are
- interviewer has schedule with main topics
- should have an idea about the main topic
- respondent → leeway to respond as s/he sees fit
- combine open-ended and pre-determined questions, providing a flexible yet focused approach for in-depth exploration of specific topics during the interview process.
what are structured individual interviews
- questionnaire with questions organized logically , in fixed order
- range of answers ( words or numbers) is known beforehand
- possible answers or categories from prepared list of options , no deviation from it
- precoded = you already know the strategies and you are asking the interviewee which one is better or worse,…
- follow a predetermined set of standardized questions, ensuring a consistent and comparable approach for collecting data across different interview sessions.
what is an interview protocol
is a predetermined set of questions and guidelines designed to structure and guide the interview process, ensuring consistency and relevance in data collection.
what are the 7 main steps of organizing
- Prepare interview schedule
- recording method?
- Pilot interview with someone –» make necessary changes
- Select interviewees (sampling) (people who have answers non probability sampling) -> through purposeful sampling
- Indirect contacts – ask people you know to nominate good respondents -> snowball sampling
- Negotiate access, confidentiality, benefits
- Arrange time and place
what is purposeful sampling
you are sampling those who have answers to your questions -> typically you won’t do random sampling
what is snowball sampling
instead of contacting all people at the same time , you contact a few and ask them if they know someone you can interview about the same topic
what is the interview process
- Introduction, explanation
- Offer confidentiality, anonymity, feedback
- Permission to record (=may influence answering)
- Explain timing of interview
- Do the interview
* Warm up Qs
* Clear Qs
* Use Q type in function of purpose
* If pre-coded, use visual aids, cards, so you can tabulate, analyse the Qs
what are the main interview don’ts
- Avoid bias
- Allow for unexpected responses
- Repeat response while writing down
- Do not be evaluative
- If many/long interviews:
* Divide work- Transcribe relevant parts
- Listen! (Primary task)
- Close w thanks and offer follow-up opportunity
what are the different question types ( list them )
- Introductory (general)
- Follow-up (elaboration)
- Probing Q - when first ans in unclear or incomplete. Get more info
- Direct Q
- Indirect Q – not personally at the interviewee
- Silence (pausing) – letting them know you wanna hear more
- Interpreting Qs – confirming you understood correctly
what is an example of introductory questions
Introductory questions (general):
Example: “Thank you very much for your willingness…. I have consulted the company website and have some idea about your company.
But still, could you tell me more about the company’s strategy and your role in it?”
what is an example of follow up or probing questions
Example: “That is interesting. Please, could you say a little bit more on this?” or “Can you illustrate with an example?” or “What exactly do you mean?”
Example scenario: “Company entered the Chinese market. ‘Why did you choose to enter the Chinese market?’”
what is an example of direct questions
Example: “Do you consider yourself an influential person in the company?”
