HNS Flashcards
pterion define. clinical significance
temporal, parietal, sphenoid and frontal bones meet. Weak spot with Middle meining artery underneath, damage -> epidural haematoma
cranial foramina and contents
Cribriform plate – Olfactory nerve fibres (I)
- Optic Canal – Optic nerve (II), ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery
- Superior Orbital Fissure – Oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve(IV), ophthalmic nerve(V1- 1 of trigeminal), abducens nerve (VI), superior ophthalmic vein, SNS fibres
- Foramen Rotundum – Maxillary nerve (V2), artery of foramen rotundum, emissary veins
- Foramen Ovale – Mandibular nerve (V3), accessory meningeal artery, emissary vein
- Foramen Spinosum – middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein, branch of mandibular nerve (V3)
- Carotid Canal – Internal carotid artery, SNS to head from superior cervical ganglion
- Internal Acoustic Meatus – vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), Facial nerve (VII), Labyrinthine artery
- Jugular Foramen – Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), Accessory Nerves (XI)
- Hypoglossal Canal – Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
- Foramen Magnum – Apical ligament and tip of dens, upper band of cruciate ligament, membrana tectoria, medulla oblongata, vertebral artery, spinal roots of accessory nerves (XI), anterior and posterior spinal arteries.
- Stylomastoid Foramen – Facial nerve (VII)
sensory of trigeminal
V1- opthalmic – Forehead
V2- maxill – Zygoma (either side of nose)
V3- mandib– Jaw
test branches of facial
raise eyebrows(temporal),
close eyes against resistance(zygomatic),
smile(buccal)
puff out cheeks against resistance(madibular) .
– Look for asymmetry
(grimace-cervical)
test glossopharangeal
gag, depressor
test vagus, abnormal prsent
ahhhh, uvula elevate.
uvula runs away from lesion
hypoglossal test, abnormal
tongue out
HG towards lesion
accessory test
SCM funct (shrug and turn)
eye muscle moves, test
med/lat recti- add/abduction
recti- superior/inferior- adduct, elev/depress
obique- superior/infeior- abduct depress/elevate
H- lat up, down, med up down
acoomodation reflex test.
what 2 look 4
nerve paths
Reflex of eye to focus on near or distant object.
Test – Look at distant object, then to you. And vice versa. Look for convergence/divergence of eyes.
Afferent – Optic nerve (CNII)
Efferent – Oculomotor (CNIII)
corneal reflex method and path
– Touch cornea with sterile cotton wool.
Afferent – ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (CNV1)
Efferent – Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (CNVII)
teeth numbers
1 quadrant
2,1,2,3
incisor, canine, pre molar, molar
Locate the hyoid bone, thyroid and cricoid cartilages, lateral mass of the atlas
Hyoid – Midline, under mandible
Thyroid – first palpable ‘bump’ in neck
Cricoid – Second palpable ‘bump’ in neck
Lat. Mass of atlas- between mastoid and mandible
use index to palpate
Demonstrate the anatomical basis of tracheostomy and cricothyroidotomy
Tracheostomy – between 2nd 3rd ring trachea (below cricoid)
Cricothyroidotomy – between cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage. Through cricothyroid membrane.
palpate cervical lymph
under chin, along mandible to angle, then down paratrachea anterior SCM
start between post SCM and claviucle , go up along posterior SCM to pre auricular/ear then go post and occiptal
