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Medicine Year 2 > HNN Topic 4 - Cerebrum > Flashcards

HNN Topic 4 - Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the functions of the parietal lobe

A
  • Postcentral gyrus - primary somatosensory area
  • Sensory association areas
  • Body orientation
  • Motor feedback
  • Primary gustatory cortex - taste
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2
Q

Describe the function of Brocca’s area

A

Motor aspect of speech

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3
Q

Describe the external structure of the cerebrum

A
  • Folded to give sulci (grooves) and gyri (ridges)
  • Divided into 2 hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure - runs in median sagittal plane
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4
Q

What would be the effect of damage to Wernicke’s area

A

Receptive aphasia, extremely poor comprehension of speech

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5
Q

List the major sulci of the cerebrum

A
  • Central sulcus
  • Lateral sulcus
  • Luneate sulcus
  • Calcarine sulcus
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6
Q

Describe the parts of the caudate nucleus

A

Has an anterior head which is wider, then tapers to a body and posterior tail, with a ‘knee’ (genu) between

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7
Q

What is the function of the insular cortex?

A

Involved in the emotional response to pain

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8
Q

Describe the functions of the occipital lobe

A
  • Primary visual cortex
  • Visual association area - vision
  • Visual interpretation
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9
Q

Describe the contents of the internal capsule

A
  • Contains ascending and descending axons, going to and from the cerebral cortex
  • Large part is cortiospinal tract - carries motor information from the primary motor cortex to lower motor neurons in the spinal cord
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10
Q

Describe the location of the subthalamic nucleus

A

Inferior to thalamus, above substantia nigra

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11
Q

Describe the appearance of the substantia nigra

A

Dark appearance due to neuromelanin

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12
Q

Describe the function of the globus pallidus

A

Inhibiting muscular activity and reducing muscle tone

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13
Q

Describe the internal structure of the cerebrum

A
  • Grey matter - surface of cerebral hemispheres (cortex)
  • White matter - deeper parts of brain
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14
Q

List the nuclei of the basal ganglia

A
  1. Caudate nucleus
  2. Lentiform nucleus - globus pallidus + putamen
  3. Substantia nigra
  4. Subthalamic nucleus
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15
Q

What is the function of the grey matter structures of the cerebrum?

A

Processing and cognition

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16
Q

Describe the structures of the internal capsule

A
  • V shaped
  • 3 parts -
    • Bend in V = genu
    • Anterior limb
    • Posterior limb
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17
Q

Describe the location and function of the corpus callosum

A
  • Wide, thick white matter nerve tract
  • Spans part of longitudinal fissure, connecting the cerebral hemispheres
  • Forms part of walls of lateral ventricles
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18
Q

Describe the function of the putamen

A

Reinforcement and coordination of learned motor skills

19
Q

Describe the general function of the basal ganglia

A

Initiate and maintain appropriate motor output

20
Q

List the lobes of the cerebum

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
21
Q

What would be the effect of damage to Brocca’s area?

A

Expressive aphasia, non-fluent, slow speech

22
Q

List the major gyri of the cerebrum and their functional significance

A
  • Precentral gyrus - primary motor cortex
  • Postcentral gyrus - primary somatosensory cortex
  • Superior temporal gyrus - inferior to lateral sulcus, primary auditory cortex
23
Q

What is the function of the white matter structures of the cerebrum?

A

Connect the grey matter areas

24
Q

Describe the gross structure of the cerebrum

A
  • Largest part of the brain
  • 2 cerebral hemispheres - L + R, separated by the falx cerebri of the dura mater
  • Separated from cerebellum by tentorium cerebelli
25
Q

Describe the position of the central sulcus

A

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes

26
Q

List the major white matter bundles of the cerebrum

A

Internal capsule, corpus callosum

27
Q

Describe the functions of the temporal lobe

A
  • Primary auditory area - hearing
  • Auditory association area - hearing
  • Wernicke’s area - speech comprehension
  • Learning and memory (retrieval)
  • Emotions
28
Q

Describe the location of Brocca’s area

A
  • Inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis and pars triangularis)
  • Most commonly in L hemisphere (dominant in 90%)
29
Q

Describe the location of the caudate nucleus

A

Forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles, separated from putamen by white matter fibres (internal capsule)

30
Q

Describe the position of the lateral sulcus

A

Separates frontal/parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

31
Q

Where are the luneate and calcarine sulci found?

A

In the occipital lobe, calcarine sulcus marks the position of the primary visual cortex

32
Q

Describe the dorsal and ventral striatum

A

Dorsal striatum = caudate nucleus + putamen

Ventral striatum = olfactory tubercle + nucleus accumbens

33
Q
A
34
Q

Describe the function of the caudate nucleus

A

Sub-control of voluntary movement

35
Q

Describe the location of the internal capsule

A

Separates the caudate nucleus and thalamus from the putamen and globus pallidus (Lentiform nucleus)

36
Q

Describe the structure of the corpus callosum

A

4 parts - splenium (posterior), body, genu and rostrum (anterior)

37
Q

Describe the parts of the globus pallidus

A

Internal and external segments

38
Q

Describe the location of Wernicke’s area

A

Usually in posterior area of superior temporal gyrus, most commonly in L hemisphere

39
Q

Describe the function of Wernicke’s area

A

Sensory language area - lexical processing

40
Q

Describe the main functions of the frontal lobe

A
  • Precentral gyrus = primary motor area (movement)
  • Motor association area - movement
  • Primary olfcatory area - smell
  • Broca’s area - motor speech production
  • Cognitive thought and memory
  • Control of voluntary movements
41
Q

What are the basal ganglia?

A

Collection of nuclei strongly associated with the cerebellum, brainstem and cerebral cortex

42
Q

Describe the connections and contents of the corona radiata

A
  • White matter sheet that continues ventrally as the internal capsule
  • Sheet of ascending and descending axons to and from the cerebral cortex
  • Fibres radiate out from cortex and come together in the brainstem
  • Associated w/ corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
43
Q

Where is the insular cortex found?

A

Part of cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus, lateral to lentiform nucleus

44
Q

Why is the cerebrum folded?

A

To give a larger surface area to volume ratio

Medicine Year 2 (41 decks)

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