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Year 2 - 2023 > HLE Final Exam > Flashcards

HLE Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

A microscopic single-celled organism with a cell wall; may be helpful or harmful to humans

A

Bacterium

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2
Q

The process of conferring immunity to a pathogen by administering a vaccine to a person

A

Immunization

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3
Q

A microscopic single-celled organism that often produces recurrent, cyclical attacks of disease

A

Protozoan

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4
Q

A single-celled or multi-celled organism that reproduced by spores and feeds on organic matter; examples include molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. Some diseases include yeast infections, athlete’s foot, and ringworm

A

Fungus

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5
Q

An infection spread by the blood or lymphatic system to large portions of the body

A

Systemic Infection

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6
Q

Immunity to infection acquired by the activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes in response to infection or immunization. Results in immunological memory

A

Adaptive Immunity

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7
Q

Inflammation of the lungs, typically caused by infection or exposure to chemical toxins or irritants

A

Pneumonia

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8
Q

Infection of the respiratory tract by the _______ virus, which is highly infection and prone to variation; the form changes rapidly; commonly known as the flu

A

Influenza

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9
Q

A rapidly spreading disease or health-related condition

A

Epidemic

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10
Q

A very small infectious agent composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat; lacks an independent metabolism and reproduces only within a host cell

A

Virus

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11
Q

A chronic viral infection that progressively damages the body’s immune system; invades CD4 T-cells, macrophages, and other essential elements of the immune system

A

HIV Infection

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12
Q

A blood test to determine whether a person has been infected with HIV; becomes positive within weeks or months of exposure

A

HIV Antibody Test

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13
Q

An ascending infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to the uterus, oviducts, and pelvic cavity

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

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14
Q

A fungal infection common in people infected with HIV

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

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15
Q

An advanced stage of HIV infection

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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16
Q

A form of cancer characterized by purple or brownish lesions that are generally painless and occur anywhere on the skin; usually appears in persons infected with HIV

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

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17
Q

The pathogen that causes human warts, including genital warts, as well as anal and genital cancers

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

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18
Q

A sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae that usually affects the mucous membranes

A

Gonorrhea

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19
Q

Has symptoms which causes urinary discomfort and discharge from the penis

A

Urethritis

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20
Q

A test used to detect the presence of HIV RNA and to determine the viral load (the amount of HIV in the blood)

A

HIV Nucleic Acid Test

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21
Q

A sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

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22
Q

A condition that may be linked to sexual activity; caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria inhabiting the vagina

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

23
Q

A sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by growths on the genitals; also called genital HPV infection or condyloma. Persistence of HPV infection predisposes the infected person to some forms of genital cancers

A

Genital Warts

24
Q

A contagious skin disease caused by a type of burrowing parasitic mite

A

Scabies

25
Q

Inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by infection, drugs, or toxins; some forms of infectious _______ can be transmitted sexually

A

Hepatitis

26
Q

A method of examining the internal organs by inserting a tube containing a small light through an abdominal incision

A

Laparoscopy

27
Q

Parasites that infest the hair of the pubic region; commonly called crabs

A

Pubic Lice

28
Q

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus

A

Genital Herpes

29
Q

The sore produced by syphilis in its earliest stage

A

Chancre

30
Q

A protozoal infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis, most commonly transmitted sexually

A

Trichomoniasis

31
Q

A microorganism that causes disease

A

Pathogens

32
Q

Is a region where some viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms can infect or damage

A

Respiratory Tract

33
Q

A substance that triggers the immune response

A

Antigen

34
Q

The most severe response and systemic reaction which involves a potentially life-threatening drop in blood pressure and narrowing of airways blocking normal breathing

A

Anaphylaxis

35
Q

The first phase of infection when the viruses or bacterial are actively multiplying (usually a period without symptoms of illness)

A

Incubation Period

36
Q

The Chain of Infection

A

Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means of Transmission
Portal of Entry
New Host

37
Q

Identify the type of pathogens that cause these diseases: Chickenpox, Common Cold, Flu, Gonorrhea, Strep Throat

A

Herpesvirus or virus

38
Q

Describe bacteria’s shape and how they look

A

Bacilli (rod-shaped)
Cocci (spherical)
Spirochete (spiral-shaped)
Vibrios (comma-shaped)

39
Q

Which pathogen is most abundant on earth

A

Bacteria

40
Q

What type of illness is COVID-19

A

Respiratory Illness

41
Q

When is domestic violence most prevalent

A

In the presence of excessive alcohol consumption

42
Q

Signs that someone can be a perpetrator of domestic violence

A

Alcoholic parents in the family

43
Q

Any unwanted sexual contact

A

Sexual Assault

44
Q

This is the leading cause of death in the US for people aged 1 to 45 (classified into four general classes: home injuries, motor vehicle injuries, leisure injuries, and work injuries)

A

Unintentional Injuries

45
Q

Which group of people in the US has the highest murder rate than the US population as a whole?

A

Gangs (answer subject to change)

46
Q

Self Defense: (The most vulnerable spot on an attacker) - Where should you strike that person

A

Knee

47
Q

What are ways to reduce the risk of injury

A

Wear a helmet and protective gear

48
Q

What is the lifetime odds of motor vehicle crashes and what is the typical age group which are most likely to undergo this

A

1 in 107
Age 25 or below

49
Q

What is the leading cause of fire deaths

A

Careless Smoking

50
Q

How do you prevent injury during a fire

A

Plan at least two escape routes out of each room, and designate a location outside the home as a meeting place

51
Q

Gangs are most common in what areas

A

Areas where residents experience the most violent crime; have low income; and have high unemployment rates, population density, and crime rates

52
Q

Motivating factor of hate crimes in 2016 and 2017

A

Race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability

53
Q

Most perpetrators of workplace violence are:

A

White males over age 21

Year 2 - 2023 (5 decks)

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