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Year 2 - 2023 > HLE Exam 3 > Flashcards

HLE Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What picks up excess cholesterol in the bloodstream and bring it back to the liver for excretion from the body?

A

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

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2
Q

One of the building blocks of proteins; 20 common ________ are found in foods.

A

Amino Acid

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3
Q

Dietary components the body must get from foods or supplements because it cannot manufacture them to meet its needs.

A

Essential Nutrients

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4
Q

An essential nutrient, required for energy for cells; sugars, starches, and dietary fiber.

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

An important nutrient required by the body in relatively large amounts.

A

Macronutrient

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6
Q

A simple sugar that is the body’s basic fuel.

A

Glucose

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7
Q

A measure of energy content in food; 1 ________ represents the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1˚C; commonly referred to as a calorie

A

Kilocalorie

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8
Q

An essential nutrient that forms important parts of the body’s main structures (muscles and bones) as well as blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes; also provides energy.

A

Protein

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9
Q

What is blood fat that transports cholesterol to organs and tissues: excess amounts result in the accumulation of deposits in artery walls, causing hardening of the arteries and potentially cardiovascular disease?

A

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

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10
Q
A

Cholesterol

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11
Q

The ratio of a food’s essential nutrients to its calories.

A

Nutrient Density

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12
Q

AKA lipids, are the most concentrated source of energy.

A

Fats

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13
Q

Types of Carbohydrates

A

Simple: monosaccharides and disaccharides
Complex: starches and most type of dietary fiber

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14
Q

Naturally Occurring Plant Substances

A

Sugars naturally found in fruit and milk
Whole grains

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15
Q

The synthetic form of folate

A

Folic Acid

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16
Q
A

Dirty Dozen Fruit

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17
Q

The ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to high levels of intensity.

A

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

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18
Q

The joints’ ability to move through their full range of motion.

A

Flexibility

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19
Q

Physical abilities that contribute to performance in a sport or activity, including speed, power, agility, balance, coordination, and reaction time.

A

Skill-Related Fitness

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20
Q

Physical capabilities that contribute to health, including cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

A

Health-Related Fitness

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21
Q

A subset of planned, structured, repetitive body movement to improve or maintain physical fitness.

A

Exercise

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22
Q

The force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort.

A

Muscular Strength

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23
Q

The nonfat components of the human body, consisting of skeletal muscle, bone, and water.

A

Fat-Free Mass

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24
Q

The proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body.

A

Body Composition

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25
Q

Any body movement carried out by skeletal muscles requiring energy.

A

Physical Activity

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26
Q

Health Benefits of Physical Activity

A
  • Improved cardiorespiratory functioning
  • More efficient metabolism and improved cell health
  • Improved body composition
  • Disease prevention and management
  • Improved psychological and emotional wellness
  • Improved immune function
  • Prevention of injuries and low-back pain
  • Improved wellness for life
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27
Q
A

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

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28
Q

Physical inactivity

A

Sedentary

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29
Q

FITT-VP

A

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Volume
Progression

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30
Q

A calculated measure of human body shape; the ratio of mass (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared: weight/height^2.

A

Body Mass Index

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31
Q

Connective tissue in which fat is stored.

A

Adipose Tissue

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32
Q

The percentage of total body weight that is composed of fat.

A

Percent Body Fat

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33
Q

Fat located under the skin.

A

Subcutaneous Fat

34
Q

A condition consisting of three interrelated disorders: abnormal eating patterns (and excessive exercising) followed by lack of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) and decreased bone density (premature osteoporosis).

A

Female Athlete Triad

35
Q

Fat located around major organs; also called intra-abdominal fat.

A

Visceral Fat

36
Q

Severe overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat; may also be defined in terms of some measure of total body weight.

A

Obesity

37
Q

A disease that disrupts normal metabolism, interfering with cells’ ability to take in glucose for energy production.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

38
Q

Body weight above the recommended range for good health.

A

Overweight

39
Q

Fat incorporated in various tissues of the body; critical for normal body functioning.

A

Essential Fat

40
Q

An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat; self-starvation.

A

Anorexia Nervosa

41
Q

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging - overeating and then using compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.

A

Bulimia Nervosa

42
Q

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating and a lack of control over eating behavior in general.

A

Binge-Eating Disorder

43
Q

Amount of Healthy Weight Loss Per Week

A

0.5 - 2 pounds per week

44
Q

The mental representation of a person holds about their body at any given time, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions about the body.

A

Body Image

45
Q

Eating Disorder Treatment

A

Psychotherapy and medical management

46
Q

The contraction phase of the heart.

A

Systole

47
Q

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

A

Artery

48
Q

The part of the circulatory system controlled by the right side of the heart: the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs

A

Pulmonary Circulation

49
Q

Sustained abnormally high blood pressure.

A

Hypertension

50
Q

A vessel that carries blood to the heart.

A

Vein

51
Q

The part of the circulatory system controlled by the left side of the heart: the circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

A

Systemic Circulation

52
Q

A deposit on the inner wall of blood vessels; blood can coagulate around ________ and form a clot.

A

Plaque

53
Q

The relaxation phase of the heart.

A

Diastole

54
Q

Cardiovascular disease caused by the deposit of fatty substances (called plaque) in the walls of the arteries.

A

Atherosclerosis

55
Q

A type of blood fat that can be a predictor of heart disease.

A

Triglyceride

56
Q

An inherited condition in which there is an enlargement of the heart muscle, especially the muscle between the two ventricles.

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

57
Q

A sac or outpouching formed by a distention or dilation of the artery wall.

A

Aneurysm

58
Q

A small stroke usually a temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain, causing numbness or difficulty with speech.

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

59
Q

Chest pain due to coronary heart disease.

A

Angina Pectoris

60
Q

A condition resulting from the heart’s inability to pump enough blood to keep up with the body’s metabolic needs; blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body.

A

Congestive Heart Failure

61
Q

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel that has already been damaged by plaque buildup; the clot may lead to stroke.

A

Thrombus

62
Q

Cardiovascular disease caused by hardening of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle.

A

Coronary Heart Disease

63
Q

A blood clot that breaks off from its place of origin in a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream.

A

Embolus

64
Q

A condition in which the mitral valve billows out during ventricular contraction, allowing leakage of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

65
Q

Damage to, or death of, heart muscle, resulting from a failure of the coronary arteries to deliver enough blood to the heart; also known as myocardial infarction (MI).

A

Heart Attack

66
Q

Heart Attack Symptoms

A
  • Chest pain or pressure
  • Arm, neck, or jaw pain
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Excessive sweating
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Loss of consciousness
67
Q

Racial Group With The Highest Prevalence of CVD

A

African American

68
Q

Heart Healthy Diet

A
  • Decreasing saturated and trans fat intake
  • Eat high-fiber diet
  • Reducing sodium intake
  • Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
  • Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids
69
Q

Common Death Amongst People With Diabetes

A
70
Q

The abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells.

A

Cancer

71
Q

A tumor that is not cancerous.

A

Benign Tumor

72
Q

A small, usually harmless mass of tissue that projects from the inner surface of the colon or rectum.

A

Polyp

73
Q

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

A

Metastasis

74
Q

A scraping of cells from the cervix for examination under a microscope to detect cancer.

A

Pap Test

75
Q

A period during the course of cancer in which there are no symptoms or other evidence of disease.

A

Remission

76
Q

Light rays of a specific wavelength emitted by the sun; most ________ rays are blocked by the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere.

A

Ultraviolet Radiation

76
Q

Cancer arising from bone, cartilage, or striated muscle.

A

Sarcoma

77
Q

Any of a group of yellow-to-red plant pigments that can be converted to a vitamin A by the liver; many act as antioxidants or have other anticancer effects. The ____________ include beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin.

A

Carotenoid

78
Q

The removal of a small piece of body tissue to allow for microscopic examination; a needle ________ uses a needle to remove a small sample to tissue, but some ________ require surgery.

A

Biopsy

79
Q

Cancer that originates in epithelial tissue (skin, glands, and lining of internal organs.)

A

Carcinoma

80
Q

A naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent and treat chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease; phyto means “plant”

A

Phytochemical

81
Q

Accounts for about 12% of all new cancer diagnoses and is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States.

A

Lung Cancer

Year 2 - 2023 (5 decks)

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