HL extension Flashcards
1
Q
Discuss the positive and negative effects of digital technology on cogni
Intro
A
- define DT–> electronic divices (laptops, cellphones), social media platforms and software systems that manage data.
- cognitice process–> memory is the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information.
- focus on the + and - influence DT has on memory.
2
Q
Describe memory
A
- 1st model–> MSM proposed by atkinson and shriflin
- the model proposed that ifnromation passes uniformly in a linear way.
- states that for info to pass trhiygh the storages info must be rehreased
- based on 3 stores
1. the sensory store–> encodes the senses. Info lasts for 4s and has unlimited capacity
2. STM
3. LTM - 2nd model–> WMM proposed by baddley and Hitch
- an in depth focus of the STM
- prossess involved in dealing tasks in present.
- based on three subssytems
1. The central executive–> role in assignating tasks to slave systems
2. Phonological loop–> auditory +written info
3. visuo spatial sketchpag–> visual+spatial memory
3
Q
- Positive infuence
A
- the use of computer games to improve WMM
- games are engaging, helping kids improve their WM.
*
4
Q
Study 1: Klinberg et al
A
- used computer games to train WM to reduce attention problems in children.
- aim: investiagte role of cfomputer games to imrpove WM on children +seeing if it has positive effect on children with ADHD.
- ADHD–> attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- double-blind
- participants: ADHD children (undiagnosed)
- procedure: assigned to two conditiosn (1): comouter game which increased in difficulty (challenge wm) and (2) Computer game not designed to stretch capacity.
- play 40 min a day 5 days a week
- tested for five weeks then for three months
- results–> in treatment group chilndren improved WM +had reduced symtoms on innatentiion.
5
Q
Evaluation Klinberg et al
A
- S–> high eco validity as it was a natural setting
- L–> small sample–> low reliability
- games helped performance only to close related tasks
6
Q
negative influence
A
- how the use of cell phones has decrreased our ability to retain phone numbers
- we now save them in a contact list– >we dont memorise them so there is lack of rehresal.
- the internet has reduced the effort to rehearse info due to ´´transactuve memory´´.
7
Q
study 2–> sparrow et al
A
- aim: see if knowing that we would have acces to saved info later would affect semantic memoy.
- participants–> uni students
- given trivia facts (some knoen others not)
- 2 IV:
1. told that info woud be saved later after they pressed space
2. told info would not be saved - given blank sheet to record reponses of what they remjebred
- recognition task with 40 statements –> anser yes or no if they qhere diff to trvia facts
- ## results–> told info was not being accsed–> racalled more tha those told who were told they had acceses
8
Q
evaluation
A
S–> highly controlled =more accuarte
L–> low ecological validity not common to learns facts
9
Q
2. Methods used to study the interaction between digital technology and
Intro
A
- Dt: electonic deivices, resources such as social media, social networks
- cognitive process–> memory: is the process of encoding, storing and retreiving information.
- methods–> VRT
10
Q
Method 1:VRET
A
- virtual relaity exposure therapy
- type of therapy which aims to reduce anxiety +fear symtoms of PTSD.
- exposes clients to conditioned fear by a vistual world
- used fear extinction-.> learning that removes condioned fear
- PTSD people–> fear conditinnign which refers that they associate something neutral with somethign adversiive.
- rmeove this CF by exposing them with a fear inducing stimulus.
- Benefit is that it tricks the brain by mimicking real life
11
Q
Study: Rothbaum et al
A
- aim: test effectiveeness of VRET on ptsd symtoms
- war veterans were exposed to two different enviorments
- helicopter flying over their head (looked like vietnam) and 2. field surrounde dby jungle
- results showed that after 6 months they had a reduction in Ptsd symtoms
12
Q
Study 2: Le doux
A
- people with PTSD–> have a hyperesponsive amygdala +hyporesponsive vmPFC
- results–> after being treateent with VRET they hade a reduced in amydala hyperrsp0onsiveness and increased in vmPFC.
- vmPFC–> role in fear extinction
13
Q
Counterargument
A
- negative effect on FBM and PTSD
- social media makes people more aware of latest news which may trigger their trauma
- exposure to media might trigger their fear.
EXAMPLE: AHERN ET al
- AIM: investiagte role of viewing graphic TV on PTSD.
- participants–> manhattan residents
- telephone surveys asking participants esposure to media+ptsd symtoms.
- results–> those who view TV related to 9/11 had more PTSD symptoms.
14
Q
Discuss the effect of DT on emotion and cognition.
Intro
A
- define DT
- memory–> encoding storing +retriving
- Define FBM:
15
Q
argument 1: reception context
A
- how we hear the news influences how we recall memories
