HIV virology and immunology Flashcards
HIV is a r______
retrovirus
HIV uses r_____ t________ to make a DNA copy that becomes integrated into the DNA of the infected cell
reverse transcriptase
HIV-1 is similar to SIV in c____ from central Africa and probably arose from there via bushmeat markets
chimps
How many genes are expressed in HIV?
10
HIV fuses to ___ receptor and undergoes conformational change and passes it contents into the cell
CD4
Viral DNA is integrated into the nucleus via r____ t_____
reverse transcriptase (single stranded RNA converted into double stranded DNA)
What enzyme integrates the viral DNA into the cells own DNA?
Integrase
Acute HIV infection is early stage of HIV characterised by
high viral load
Symptoms of Acute Retroviral Syndrome
“Glandular fever”-like illness
Fever, lymphadenopathy
Sore throat, oral ulcers
Skin rash (upper trunk)
May include neurological features
Early initiation of ART is beneficial because…
Reduced risk of transmission,
Smaller reservoir, lower set-point, delayed progression
HIV infets a range of CD4+ cells in addition to helper T-cells such as
reg T-cells, T follicular heper cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and thmocytes
HIV can pass directly from cell to cell and so is relatively inaccessible to a_____ in the blood
antibodies
(look at slide 23)
The virus is covered in sugars making it difficult for a____ to bind
antibodies
The e_______ of the virus can change to adapt away from antibody recognition
envelope
