HIV/LEC 6, 7

Question 1

What is HIV/AIDS stand for?

Answer 1

Human Immunodeficiency virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Question 2

What is AIDS?

Answer 2

Represents the end stage disease that results from untreated HIV infection

Question 3

What causes AIDS?

Answer 3

Retrovirus RNA (HIV -1 is most common, 2 is less common)3 is found in Africa

Question 4

What are the modes of transmission?

Answer 4

-sexual
-blood products
-mother to baby
-pregnancy
-milk
-IV drugs and needles
-HIV infected cells(CD4 +T cells, monocytes, spermatozoa)
free virus not likely

Question 5

What does HIV infect?

Answer 5

CD4 T cells, monocytes(type of wbc that resides in blood and tissues), spermatozoa

Question 6

What does HIV affect?

Answer 6

infects mainly CD4 + protein
-T helper cells
-macrophages
-endothelial cells
-microglial cells, neurons
-epithelial cells(GI)

Question 7

What are two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 7

B- Cells and T- cells that play key role in the body’s immune system
B-cells produce antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria,virus, and toxins
T-cells destroy the body’s own cells that have been taken over by viruses

Question 8

What do CD4 or T4 lymphocyte helper cells do ?

Answer 8

Switch on the immune system to fight disease and help coordinate the immune response
- CD4 glycoprotein that is found on T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Question 9

Beta -chemokine receptors?

Answer 9

-CCR5 -(T CELL)
-CXCR4- (Macrophage)
CCR5- homo: resistance to the HIV infection
CCR5- hetero: slow progression to AIDS

Question 10

What is viral load?

Answer 10

The HIV viral load is simply a measure of the quantity of HIV in a drop (ml) of a patient’s blood

Question 11

What is HIV disease progression:

Answer 11

-viral transmission
-primary HIV infection( acute retroviral syndrome)
-seroconversion
-asymptomatic chronic infection
-symphtomatic HIV infection
-AIDS
-Advanced HIV infection/AIDS