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HIV LAWS Flashcards

1
Q

Obligate Intracellular parasites
which infects CD4+ or the T-helper
cells

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)

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2
Q

In what family do HIV belongs?

A

Retro Virida, Retroviridae

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3
Q

HIV is considered what kind of virus?

A

Retrovirus

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4
Q

The ability to replicate without
a host.

A

Intracellular

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5
Q

What stimulates the immune response?

A

KILLER T-CELLS
* MACROPHAGES
* B-CELLS

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6
Q

Global symbol for solidarity
with HIV positive people and those living with
AIDS

A

Red ribbon

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7
Q

When is world AIDS Day?

A

December 1

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8
Q

You will never get HIV by sleeping with a virgin

A

MYTH

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9
Q

Donating blood will not give you HIV

A

FACT

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10
Q

You cannot get HIV from a person who appears healthy

A

MYTH

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11
Q

Washing the penis/vagina after
intercourse will prevent HIV

A

MYTH

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12
Q

You may contract HIV from mosquito bites AIDS can be cured

A

MYTH

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13
Q

HIV can be contracted by having sex
for money

A

FACT

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14
Q

Practicing oral sex may give you HIV

A

FACT

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15
Q

Anal sex presents a higher risk of HIV

A

FACT

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16
Q

Effective use of condom will help prevent HIV

A

FACT

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17
Q

Having multiple sexual partners puts you at a greater risk of getting HIV

A

FACT

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18
Q

You can get HIV via ..(4)

A
  • Sex without a condom
  • Passed from mother to baby
  • Sharing injecting equipment
  • Contaminated blood transfusions & organ transplants
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19
Q

HIV is not transmitted by ..

A

Insects’ bites
* Toilet seats
* Kissing
* Sharing cutlery
* Touching

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20
Q

(True or False) BODY FLUIDS THAT CONTAIN SMALL
TRACES OF HIV BUT NOT ENOUGH TO TRANSMIT IT ARE THE FOLLOWING:

  • saliva
  • tears
  • feces
  • sweat
  • sputum
  • nasal secretions
  • urine
  • water
A

False. No water.

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21
Q

BODY FLUIDS THAT CONTAIN SMALL
TRACES OF HIV BUT NOT ENOUGH TO TRANSMIT IT: (7)

A
  • saliva
  • tears
  • feces
  • sweat
  • sputum
  • nasal secretions
  • urine
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22
Q

Enumerate the Infectious fluids (4)

A
  • Blood
  • Semen
  • Rectal Fluid
  • Vaginal fluids
  • Breast Milk
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23
Q

3 WAYS AN HIV+ PREGNANT WOMAN CAN TRANSMIT HIV TO HER BABY.

A
  • During pregnancy
  • During vaginal childbirth
  • Through breastfeeding
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24
Q

Transcribe HARP.

A

HIV/AIDS & ART REGISTRY OF THE
PHILIPPINES

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25
Q

Keep the official record of the total no. of diagnosis and cases.

A

HIV/AIDS & ART REGISTRY OF THE
PHILIPPINES

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26
Q

Tracks outcome status and tracks death among people with HIV.

A

HIV/AIDS & ART REGISTRY OF THE
PHILIPPINES

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27
Q

Transcribe ARTS.

A

ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPHY

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28
Q

What is RA 8504?

A

THE PHILIPPINE AIDS
PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT
OF 1998

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29
Q

RA 8504 was approved on?

A

February 13, 1998

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30
Q

An act promulgating policies and
prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and
educational program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring
system, strengthening the Philippine National Aids Council, and for other purposes.

A

RA 8504

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31
Q

An act promulgating ____ and
prescribing measures for the _____ and _____ of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and
_______, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring
system, strengthening the Philippine National Aids Council, and for other purposes.

A

Policies; prevention; control; educational program

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32
Q

(T or F) Compulsory HIV testing shall be
considered lawful.

A

False. It is considered unlawful.

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33
Q

(T or F) The right to privacy of individuals with
HIV shall be guaranteed.

A

True.

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34
Q

(T or F) Discrimination, in all its forms and subtleties, against individuals with HIV
or suspected of having HIV shall be considered inimical to individual and
national interest.

A

True.

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35
Q

(T or F) Provision of basic health and social services for individual with HIV shall be assured.

A

True.

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36
Q

(T or F) “Positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection” is under section 3, article 1 of RA 8504

A

False. It is under section 2.

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37
Q

Under what section is this “Promote utmost safety and universal
precautions”

A

Section 2

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38
Q

(T or F) Extend to every person suspected or known to be infected with HIV/AIDS
full protection of his/her human rights & civil liberties (right to privacy,
discrimination, basic health & social services) is under section 2 of RA 8504.

A

True

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39
Q

Which statement is true?

A. Positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate
the spread of HIV infection.
B. Recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating
vital information.

Both are from section 2 of RA 8504.

A

Both statements are true.

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40
Q

Condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another person which attacks and weakens the body’s immune system making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections

A

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY

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41
Q

Individual being tested does not reveal
his/her true identity; uses a symbol or number.

A

ANONYMOUS TESTING

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42
Q

Finding of the sexual partners of an
individual tested/ diagnose with HIV.

A

CONTACT TRACING

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43
Q

( T or F) Section 3, Article 1 talks about Safe Practices and Procedures.

A

False. S3A1 talks about Education Information.

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44
Q

Transcribe DECS

A

Department of Education, Culture and Sports

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45
Q

Transcribe CHED

A

Commission on Higher Education

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46
Q

Transcribe TESDA

A

Technical Education and Skill Development Authority

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47
Q

What are the penalties for unsafe practices and procedures?

A
  • 6- 12 years of imprisonment
  • Fines and suspension or revocation of the license to practice his/her profession
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48
Q

Lawful consent to HIV testing of a donated human body, organ, tissues or blood shall be considered as having been when:

A
  • A person volunteers or freely agrees to
    donate blood, organ or tissue for
    transfusion, transplantation or
    research
  • A person has executed a legacy in
    accordance with the Organ Donation
    Act of 1991 (RA 7170)
  • A donation is executed in accordance
    with Ra 7170
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49
Q

Compulsory HIV testing may be allowed only in the following instances:

A
  • A person convicted under the AntiRape Law
  • Settle relevant issues pertaining to
    Family code
  • Complying for the RA 7719 and 7170
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50
Q

What is RA 7719

A

National Blood Services Act

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51
Q

What is RA 7170

A

Organ Donation Act

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51
Q

Comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring program

A

“AIDSWATCHING”

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52
Q

What are the exceptions in medical confidentiality?

A
  • When complying with the
    requirements of AIDSWATCH
  • When informing other health workers
    directly involved in the care of a person
    with HIV/AIDS
  • When responding to a subpoena
    issued by a court
53
Q

RELEASE OF HIV/AIDS TEST RESULTS(5)

A
  • The person;
  • Parent of a minor child who has been tested
  • Legal guardian in the case of insane persons or orphans
  • Person authorized to receive such
    results in conjunction with the AIDSWATCH program;
  • Justice of the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court
54
Q

DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE

A

Termination from work

55
Q

DICRIMINATION IN THE SCHOOLS

A

Refuse admission, expel, discipline,
segregate, deny participation, benefits and services

56
Q

RESTRICTIONS ON TRAVEL AND
HABITATION

A
  • Quarantined, put in isolation, refused lawful entry
  • Deported from Ph territory
57
Q

Penalties for discrimination

A
  • Imprisonment: 6 months to 4 years
  • Fine: not exceeding 10,000 php
  • Revocation of permits
58
Q

When was EO no 39 approved?

A

DEC 3, 1992

59
Q

Oversee an integrated and
comprehensive approach to
HIV/AIDs prevention and control in
the Philippines

A

EO NO. 39

60
Q

How many members do we have for EO no 39

A

26 members

61
Q

RULES AND
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE
REGULATION OF HIV TESTING
LABORATORIES

A

AO NO. 2005-0027

62
Q

AO NO. 2005-0027

A

RULES AND
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE
REGULATION OF HIV TESTING
LABORATORIES

63
Q

Screening tests for HIV AB (2)

A

a. Enzyme
Immunoassay
b. Particle
Agglutination

64
Q

Confirmatory for HIV AB (4)

A

a. Western Blot
b. Immunofluorescence
c. Radio ImmunoPrecipitation
d. Polymerase Chain Reaction

65
Q

NATIONAL REFERENCE LABORATORIES FOR HIV

A

RITM - Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
SACCL/SLH – San Lazaro Hospital

66
Q

POLICIES AND
GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV) COUNSELING AND
TESTING IN COMMUNITY AND
HEALTH FACILITY SETTINGS

A

AO NO. 2010-0028

67
Q

AO NO. 2010-0028

A

POLICIES AND
GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV) COUNSELING AND
TESTING IN COMMUNITY AND
HEALTH FACILITY SETTINGS

68
Q

Written agreement of person allowing to undergo procedure

A

INFORMED WRITTEN CONSENT

69
Q

Five-year plan containing the country’s
action and response towards maintaining the
low HIV prevalence status of the Philippines

A

FOURTH AIDS MEDIUM TERM PLAN

70
Q

has antibodies reactive
with the HIV antigen

A

REACTIVE SAMPLE

71
Q

HIV/AIDS Core Team
(HACT)

A

TREATMENT HUB

72
Q

initial serological test

A

SCREENING TEST

73
Q

Also called as the Voluntary Counseling and Testing

A

HIV Counseling

74
Q

2 HIV counseling process/types

A
  1. Pre-HIV Test Counseling
  2. Post-HIV Test Counseling
75
Q

Client-Initiated Counseling and Testing
* Space where privacy is observed and confidentiality is ensured
* Individual or group settings
* Same counselor in case there is a follow-up session

A

PRE HIV Test Counselling

76
Q
  • Explanation of the test result “window period”
  • Basic education about HIV prevention
  • Methods of transmission
  • HIV-Negative persons**
  • Ensure that the patient understands the results
  • Allow the patient to ask questions
  • Discuss follow up services and treatment
  • Discuss possible disclosure of results
  • Assess the risk of violence of suicide
A

POST HIV Test Counselling

77
Q

What is RA 11166?

A

PHILIPPINE HIV AND AIDS POLICY ACT

78
Q

RA 11166 is repealed what law?

A

RA 8504

79
Q

What is RA 8504?

A

PH AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT OF 1998

80
Q

When was RA 11166 approved?

A

December 20, 2018

81
Q

RA 11166 was signed by?

A

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

82
Q

How many sections RA 11166 has?

A

57 sections

83
Q

Membership and composition criteria

A

(a) Government agencies or CSOs with direct contribution to the performance of the core functions of the Council
(oversight, direction setting and policy making);
* (b) Government agencies or CSOs with existing programs, services, and activities that directly contribute to the achievement of the AMTP
* (c ) Government agencies or CSOs with existing constituencies that are targeted by the AMTP’s objectives and activities.

84
Q

First tier members?

A

(1) Department of Health (DOH);
(2) Department of Education (DepEd);
(3) Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE);
(4) Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD);
(5) Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG);
(6) Civil Service Commission (CSC)

85
Q

Second tier members?

A

(7) Commission on Higher Education (CHED);
(8) National Youth Commission (NYC);
(9) Philippine Information Agency (PIA);
(10) Department of Budget and
Management;
(11) The Chairperson of the Committee on
Health and Demography of the Senate of the
Philippines or his representative;
(12) The Chairperson of the Committee on the
Health of the House of Representative or his
representative
(13-14) Two (2) representatives from
organization of persons living with HIV and
AIDS;
(15) One (1) representative from a private
organization of persons living with HIV and
AIDS;
(16-21) Six (6) representatives from NGOs
working for the welfare or identified key
populations

86
Q

Chairperson, vice chair person, TOF

A

Chairperson: Secretary of Health (Dr.
Teodoro Herbosa)
Vice-Chairperson: Elected from the gov’t
agency members
TOF: 3 years, max of 2 consecutive terms

87
Q

Aids Medium Term Plan components?

A
  • (a) The country’s target and strategies
    in addressing the HIV and AIDS
    situation;
  • (b) The prevention, treatment care and
    support, and other components of the
    country’s response;
  • (c) The operationalization of the program and identification of the government agencies that shall implement the program, including the designated office within each agency responsible for overseeing, coordinating, facilitating and monitoring the implementation of its AIDS program for the national to the local levels;
  • (d) The budgetary requirements and corollary investment plan of each government agency specified in the AMTP, and shall identify the sources of funds for its implementatiom
88
Q

What are the roles of DOH according to section 9 of RA 11166?

The epidemiology bureau shall serve the following purposes:

A
  • Determine and monitor the
    magnitude and progression of HIV and
    AIDS in the Philippines
  • Receive, collate, process, and evaluate
    all HIV-and-AIDS-related medical
    reports from all hospitals, clinics,
    laboratories and testing centers,
    including HIV-related deaths and
    relevant data from public and private
    hospitals, various databanks or
    information (ANONYMITY)
  • Submit, through its Secretariat,
    quarterly and annual reports to the
    PNAC containing the findings of its
    monitoring and evaluation activities in
    compliance with this mandate
89
Q

Measures to take to protect the human rights for HIV/AIDS positive people under section 10?

A
  • Shall ensure the delivery of nondiscriminatory HIV and AIDS services
    by government and private HIV and
    AIDS service provider
  • Ensure that their civil, political,
    economic, and social rights are
    protected
90
Q

Integrate basic and age-appropriate
instruction of the causes, modes of
transmission, and ways of preventing the
spread of HIV and AIDS and other STIs in
their respective curricula.

A

Section 12 or EDUCATION IN LEARNING INSTITUTIONS

91
Q

Requirements for HIV testing?

A
  • (a) 15-18 years old: No need for
    parent/guardian consent
  • (b) <15 years old who is pregnant or
    engaged in high-risk behavior shall
    be eligible for HIV testing and
    counseling, with the assistance of a
    licensed social worker or health
    worker. Consent to voluntary HIV
    testing shall be obtained from the
    child without the need of consent from
    a parent or guardian
  • (c) <15 years of age or is mentally
    incapacitated; needs parent/guardian
    consent
92
Q

Role of DOH under sec 31?

A
  • (a) Accredit public private HIV testing
    facilities based on capacity to deliver
    testing services including HIV
    counseling
  • (b) Develop the guidelines for HIV
    counseling and testing
    COUNSELING= FREE
93
Q

( T or F ) Results are disclosed by the trained service
provider who conducts pre-test and
post-test counseling only to the
individual who submitted to the test

A

True

94
Q

Below 15 y/o (orphan, mentally
incapacitated): give it to ___

A

Guardian

95
Q

Below 15 y/o not suffering from mental
incapacity: Give it to _____

A

Patient

96
Q

RA 11166 was signed at what date?

A

December 20, 2018

97
Q

RA 11166 was lobbied by?

A

Risa Hontiveros and Rep Kaka Bag-Ao of Dinagat Islands

98
Q

Used for the virus transcription of RNA to DNA inside the cell

A

Reverse Transcriptase

99
Q

Virus utilizes to penetrate the target cells in the body

A

Integrase

100
Q

Responsible for the maturation of the virus inside the target cell

A

Protease

101
Q

Important glycoproteins located on the surface of the viral wall and responsible for the point attachment to target cells

A

Gp120 and Gp41

102
Q

Genetic level resemble some attributes of the parasites but this means that they need other living things to replicate/reproduce

A

Obligate

103
Q

Explain the 6 mouth parts

A

four are used to pierce the skin; other two are composed of two tubes- one sends saliva into the host and the other sends blood up to the mosquito; only saliva is injected into humans

104
Q

What does not exist inside the mosquito gut so there’s no way of replicating the virus?

A

T cells

105
Q

Highest case for the cause if HIV

A

Rectal and Anal

106
Q

Effectivity of condom (%)

A

96%

107
Q

Three major routes of transmission

A

Sexual route
Mother-to-child route (perinatal)
Parenteral inoculation

108
Q

Sexual transmission

A

Sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal)
Oral sex
Heterosexual transmission

109
Q

Non-sexual transmission

A

Sharing of infection
Needle sticks
Blood transfusion
Hemophilia treatment
Mother to child

110
Q

Origin of HIV

A

Primate (human, monkeys, apes)

111
Q

HIV 1 origin?

A

Central common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)

112
Q

HIV 1 RNA structure/description?

A

Two copies of single stranded RNA enclosed by a conical capsid which is surrounded by a plasma membrane that is formed from part of the host cell membrane

113
Q

More virulent and easily transmitted HIV

A

HIV 1

114
Q

Causative agent of AIDS in the US and Europe during early years

A

HIV 1

115
Q

HIV 2 origin name

A

Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), old world monkey of Guinea Bissau, Gabon and Cameroon

116
Q

Immunoblot
Uses nitrocellulose or nylon strips containing individual HIV proteins

A

Western Blot

117
Q

detects antibodies to many HIV antigens but requires a well maintained fluorescent microscope

A

Immunofluorescence

118
Q

minimally denatured antigens, requires radioactive materials (only performed in research labs that can maintain HIV in cell cultures)

A

Radio immuno-precipitation assay

119
Q

With the new law, gaps in the provisions and enforcement of the 21-year-old Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (Republic Act 8504) will be addressed.

A

RA 11166

120
Q

The members of PNAC shall be appointed by the president except

A

Members of government agencies

121
Q

where something is stored or deposited

A

Repository

122
Q

Below 15 y/o, mentally incapacitated (results)

A

result may be disclosed to either of the patient’s parents, legal guardian or duly assigned licensed social worker or health worker

123
Q

Below 15 y/o not suffering from mental incapacity

A

result of the test shall be disclosed to the child

124
Q

Penalty for breaches in confidentiality

A

50,000 - 150,000 or 6 mos - 2 years imprisonment

125
Q

Penalty for mass dissemination of HIV status

A

150,000 - 350,000 or 2 years and 1 day to 5 years imprisonment

126
Q

Penalty for health professional, medical instructors etc.

A

350,000 - 500,000 or 5 years and 1 day to 7 years

127
Q

Penalty for discriminatory acts

A

50,000 - 500,000 or 6 mos - 5 years imprisonment

128
Q

Penalty for misinformation

A

50,000 - 500,000 or 1 - 10 years imprisonment

129
Q

Penalty for negligence

A

6 - 12 years imprisonment and suspension or revocation of license

130
Q

Protection of HIV/AIDS worker from harassment

A

100,000-500,000 or 6 mos - 5 years imprisonment

131
Q

Act on health insurance and similar services (penalty)

A

50,000 or 6 mos - 5 years of imprisonment and revocation of permits and/or license

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