Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2025 SEM 2 MED TECH LAWS AND ETHICS > HIV law > Flashcards

HIV law Flashcards

1
Q

how are HIV transmitted

A

main:
mother to infant transmission
blood transfusion
infected needles
sex

possible:
breast feeding (possible)
kissing with sinaw (lil %age)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the first HIV case reported in the Philippines?

A

1984

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many total HIV cases were reported in the Philippines by June 2020?

A

78,559 cases
MALE - 94% (73, 729)
FEMALE - 6% (4, 819)

*male has a higher cases than women bcs of the improper sex practices (male to male, homosexual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most affected age group for HIV cases in the Philippines?

A

25-34 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the median age of people diagnosed with HIV in the Philippines?

A

28 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When did most of the cases get reported?

A

From Jan 2015 to June 2020 (71% of total cases)
71% (56, 105) of total diagnosed cases in the Philippines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of reported cases had advanced infection at the time of diagnosis?

A

13%
*of all reported cases has clinical manifestation of advanced infection at that time of reporting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which region has the highest proportion of newly diagnosed cases by region of residence from Apr to June 2020

A

NCR, Metro Manila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What law did this new HIV/AIDS act replace?

A

Republic Act No. 8504, The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organization was restructured under this law?

A

Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC)

[he law changed and improved how this organization works.

Made stronger – Given more power and responsibility in fighting HIV/AIDS.
Better coordination – Ensures different government agencies, healthcare providers, and community groups work together effectively.
More funding – Receives government support to improve HIV/AIDS programs.
Improved policies – Updates rules to match current medical advancements and global standards.]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sections

A

total of 57 sections

  1. short title
  2. declaration of policies
  3. definition of terms
  4. PNAC, Philippine National AIDS Council
  5. functions
  6. memberships and composition
  7. secretariat
  8. AIDS medium term plan
  9. the role of DOH
  10. protection f human rights
  11. prevention program
  12. education in learning institutions
  13. education for parents and guardians
  14. education as right to health and information
  15. HIV and AIDS information as health service
  16. education in the workplace
  17. education for Filipinos going abroad
  18. information for tourists and transients
  19. education in communities
  20. education for key populations and vulnerable communities
  21. information of prophylactics
  22. misinformation on HIV and AIDS
  23. HIV Prevention Measure.
  24. comprehensive health intervention for key populations
  25. preventing mother-to child HIV transmission
  26. standard precaution on the donation of blood, tissue, or organ
  27. testing of organ donation
  28. guidelines on medical management, surgical and other related procedures
  29. HIV testing
  30. compulsory HIV testing
  31. mechanisms and standards on routine provider-initiated and
    client-initiated HIV counseling and testing.
  32. HIV testing for pregnant women
  33. treatment of persons living with HIV and AIDS
  34. access to medical services by indigents
  35. Economic Empowerment and Support
  36. Care and Support for Persons Living with HIV
  37. Care and Support for Affected Families, Intimate Partners, Significant Others and Children of People Living with HIV
  38. Care and Support Program in Prisons and Others Closed-Setting Institutions
  39. Non-discriminatory HIV and AIDS Services
  40. Protection of HIV Educators, Licensed Social Workers, Health Workers, and Other HIV and AIDS Service Providers from Harrassment
  41. Health Insurance and Similar Health Services.
  42. HIV and AIDS Monitoring and Evaluation
  43. Confidentiality
  44. Exceptions
  45. Disclosure of HIV-Related Test Results
  46. Disclosure to Persons with Potential Exposure to HIV
  47. Duty of Employers, Heads of Government Offices, Heads of Publicand Private Schools or Training Institutions, and Local Chief Executives
  48. Discriminatory Acts and Practices
  49. Penalties
  50. Penalties Collected
  51. Appropriations
  52. Transitory Provision
  53. Implementing Rules and Regulations
  54. Repealing Clause
  55. Separability Clause
  56. Effectivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are HIV and AIDS considered in the Philippines?

A

public health concerns that have wide ranging social, political and economic repercussions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does the govt recognize and respond to Philippine’s HIV and AIDS situation

A

imbued with public interest and
shall be anchored on the principles of human rights and dignity
(= to protect filipino citizens who r infected and to not discriminate them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What must the state respect, protect, and promote in the fight against HIV/AIDS

A

Human rights, as the cornerstones of an effective response
= provide education and information to the public as a basic right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What forms of discrimination are prohibited under this law?

A

based on
-HIV status
- sex
- gender
- sexual orientation
- age
- economic status
- disability
- ethnicity.

[it violates their basic human rights, which are protected by the Philippine Constitution.

Discrimination makes it harder for people to get jobs, healthcare, and education, which can make their lives worse. Because of this, the government considers such discrimination a threat to the country’s well-being and must take action to stop it.]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is it important to include people living with HIV in decision-making?

A

inclusion and participation of persons directly and indirectly affected by the HIV and AIDS situation, especially persons living with HIV, are crucial in eliminating the virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is HIV testing mandatory under this law?

A

No, HIV testing must always be voluntary unless stated otherwise in the law.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What must the government guarantee regarding HIV testing?

A

Confidentiality and non-compulsory testing to protect people’s rights.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does the State shall ensure the delivery of non-discriminatory HIV and AIDS services

A

[available to everyone without discrimination]
by government and private HIV and AIDS service providers
develop redress mechanisms for persons living with HIV to ensure that their civil, political, economic, and social rights (such as access to jobs, healthcare, and fair treatment) are protected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why must the government establish policies and programs

A

to prevent the spread of HIV and deliver treatment, care, and support services to Filipinos living with HIV

the programs must be based on
- evidence-based strategies
- uphold the principles of
human rights
gender equality
age-appropriateness

= ensure that diff age grps receive the right kind of care and edu

*communities affects shld actively participate in these programs to make them more effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does the state adopt a multi-sectoral approach in responding to the country’s HIV and AIDS situation

A

involving different sectors, including:
Government agencies
Local communities
Civil society organizations (CSOs)
People living with HIV

*these groups must work tgt = create effective solutions for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does the govt ensure access to HIV/ AIDSwhen many ppl avoid getting tested or treated due to fear of being judged

A

by removing stigma and discrimination

*to prevent the spread of HIV, the govt must eliminate root causes such as
- poverty
- gender inequality
- marginalization
- ignorance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

refers to a health condition where these is a deficiency of immune system that stems from infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV, making an individual
susceptible to opportunistic infections

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- not disease but a condition
- state of immunity in a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

refers to the treatment that stops or suppresses viral replication or replications of a retrovirus like HIV,
thereby slowing down the progression of infection

A

Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART)
- treatment current available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
refers to any severe or repeated use by one or more persons of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a physical act of gesture, or any combination thereof, directed at another person that has the effect of actually causing or placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or damage to one's property; creating a hostile environment for the other person; infringing on the rights of another persons; or materially and substantially disrupting the processes or orderly operation of an institution or organization
bullying
25
refer to groups of nongovernmental and noncommercial individuals or legal entities that are engaged in non-coerced collective action around shared interests, purpose and values
Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) - share interest, purpose and values
26
refers to study undertaken in community settings, which involve community members in the design and implementation of research projects
Community-Based Research
27
refers to evidence based policies, programs, and approaches that aim to reduce transmission of HIV and its harmful consequences on health, social relations and economic conditions
Comprehensive Health Intervention for Key Populations
28
refers to HIV testing imposed upon an individual characterized by lack of consent, use of force or intimidation, the use of testing as a prerequisite for employment or other purposes, and other circumstances when informed choice is absent
Compulsory HIV Testing - cannot be forced
29
refers to unfair or unjust treatment that distinguishes, excludes, restricts, or shows preferences based on any ground such as sex gender, age, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, economic status, disability, ethnicity, and HIV status, whether actual or perceived, and which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by all persons similarly situated, of all their rights and freedoms
discrimination
30
refers to a person's involvement in certain activities that increase the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV
High-risk Behavior high risk: - male to male - gays - sexual workers - healthcare personnel
31
refers to the virus, of the type called retrovirus, which infects cells of the human immune system, and destroys or impairs the cells' function. Infection with HIV results in the progressive deterioration of the immune system. Leading to immune deficiency
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - leading to immune deficiency
32
refers to any individual trained by an institution or organization accredited by the Department of Health (DOH) to provide counseling services on HIV and AIDS with emphasis on behavior modification
HIV and AIDS Counselor
33
refers to the documentation and analysis of the number of HIV and AIDS infections and the pattern of its spread
HIV and AIDS Monitoring - given serial # when +ve to monitor
34
where do positive HIV infected people go to for theraphy
San Lazaro Hospitals - they identify patients by giving them serial no. not surname
35
refers to measures aimed at protecting non-infected persons from contracting HIV and minimizing the impact of the condition on persons living with HIV
HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control
36
refers to the absence of HIV or HIV antibodies upon HIV testing
HIV-Negative
37
refers to the presence of HIV infection as documented by the presence of HIV and HIV antibodies in the sample being tested
HIV-Positive
38
refers to any facility-based, mobile medical procedure, or community-based screening modalities that are conducted to determine the presence or absence of HIV in a person's body. HIV testing is confidential, voluntary in nature and must be accompanied by counseling prior to and after the testing, and conducted only with the informed consent of the person
HIV Testing
39
refers to the voluntary agreement of a person to undergo or be subjected to a procedure based on full information, whether such permission is written or conveyed verbally
Informed Consent
40
refers to illnesses caused by various organism, many of which do not cause diseases in persons with healthy immune system
Opportunistic infections
41
refers to any individual diagnosed to be infected with HIV
Person Living with HIV (PLHIV)
42
refers to the process of providing an individual with information on the biomedical aspects of HIV AIDS, and emotional support to any psychological implications of under going HIV testing and the test result itself before the individual is subjected to the test
Pre-test Counseling
43
refers to a preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to pathogen(HIV) in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of the disease
Post-exposure Prophylaxis prophylaxis - take meds prior to exposure, who have risk behavior
44
refers to the process of providing risk-reduction information and emotional support to a person who submitted to HIV testing at the time the result is released
Post-test Counseling
45
refers to the dynamic devaluation and dehumanization of an individual in the eyes of others, which may be based on attributes that are arbitrarily defined by others as discreditable or unworthy, and which results in discrimination when acted upon
Stigma
46
refer to private and public hospitals or medical establishments accredited by the DOH to have the capacity and facility to provide treatment and care services to PLHIV
Treatment hubs
47
PNAC stand for
Philippine National AIDS Council
48
Under which law was PNAC first established?
Republic Act No. 8504 (Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998) however under the new law, PNAC will be reconstituted and streamlined to better implement HIV/ AIDS programs
49
how is PNAC funded
PNAC shld be an ageny attached to the DOH through a separate budget under the General Appropriations Act (GAA) *it shall have its own secretariat and staffing pattern that shall beheaded by an executive order
50
Who leads the PNAC’s secretariat and staff
An Executive Director
51
what are the functions
1. Developing the AIDS Medium Term Plan (AMTP) in collab w - Government agencies - Civil society organizations (CSOs) - The People Living with HIV (PLHIV) community -Other stakeholder 2. Ensure the operationalization and implementation of the AMTP [must make sure it is put into action = coordinate efforts among diff org and monitor progress] 3. Monitor the progress of the response to the country's HIV and AIDS situation [track and assess the effectiveness - collect data and evaluate where policies and programs achieve their goals] 4. Identify gaps in the national response on the part of government agencies and its partners from civil society and international organizations, in order to develop and implement the initial interventions required in these situations [find problems or weakness then develop and implement solutions]
52
Who are eligible to be members of PNAC?
Government agencies or CSOs that: 1. direct contribution to the performance of the core functions of the council - oversight - direction setting -policy making 2. have existing programs, services and activities that directly contribute to the achievement of the AMTP 3. with existing constituencies that are targeted by the AMTP's objectives and activities [ meaning they work directly with groups affected by HIV/AIDS]
53
PNAC includes representatives from - key government agencies - legislative bodies - civil society organization
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES - Department of Health (DOH) - Department of Education (DepEd) - Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) - Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) - Department of the Interior and - Local Government (DILG) - Civil Service Commission (CSC) - Commission on Higher Education (CHED) - National Youth Commission (NYC) - Philippine Information Agency (PIA) - Department of Budget and Management (DBM) LEGSLATIVE REPRESENTATIVE - Chairperson of the Senate Committee on Health and Demography (or their representative) - Chairperson of the House Committee on Health (or their representative) CIVI SOCIETY AND PRIATE SECTOR REPRESENTATIVE - 2 representatives from organizations of persons living with HIV/AIDS - 1 representative from a private organization with expertise in standard setting and service delivery - 6 representatives from NGOs working with key populations affected by HIV/AIDS PNAC Leadership PNAC LEADERSHIP - Secretary of Health serves as the permanent Chairperson of PNAC.
54
Who is the permanent Chairperson of PNAC?
The Secretary of Health
55
NASPCP
The National HIV and AIDS and STI Prevention and Control Program (NASPCP) - a specialized program under DOH that: staffed with qualified medical specialists and support personnel has a permanent yearly budget works with PNAC to implement HIV, AIDS, and STI health programs
56
What is the role of the Epidemiology Bureau in HIV/AIDS control?
- responsible for monitoring and evaluating HIV and AIDS cases in the country. - collects, analyzes, and manages data related to HIV/AIDS to help guide public health policies and interventions. *goal is to ensure that HIV/AIDS trends are tracked accurately to support effective prevention, treatment, and care strategies. [Manages NASPCP, which leads the health sector response Coordinates with PNAC to align efforts with the AIDS Medium Term Plan (AMTP) Funds and staffs HIV/AIDS programs with qualified medical experts]
57
What must be done before accepting a blood, tissue, or organ donation?
All donations must be tested for HIV before being accepted by a laboratory or medical institution.
58
What happens if a donor whose blood, organ or tissue has been tested positive for HIV?
cannot donate blood, tissue, or organs. must be notified of their HIV status. will receive counseling and medical care referrals.
59
Can HIV-positive donations be used for medical purposes?
No, but they may be used for research purposes under strict sanitary disposal requirements
60
Can a patient request a second HIV test before receiving a donation?
Yes the recipient or their immediate relatives can demand a second test before transfusion or transplant *except in emergency cases - as there is a long process before approval
61
ate what age can minors get tested for HIV without parental consent
(15 to below 18 years old) - can voluntarily consent to HIV testing without needing permission from a parent or guardian
62
Can children under 15 get tested for HIV?
Yes, but only if: - are pregnant - are engaged in high-risk behavior *A licensed social worker or health worker MUST assist them during the testing.
63
Does a child under 15 need parental consent for HIV testing?
No The child's own consent is enough, as long as they meet the criteria for testing (pregnant or at high risk).
64
when is HIV testing compulsory
Revised Penal Code, Anti-Rape Law The Family Code of the Philippines Organ Donation Act National Blood Services Act (prior to donate) - also prior to surgery daw
65
Is HIV testing generally compulsory in the Philippines?
No HIV testing is usually voluntary, except in certain legal and medical situations.
66
what does the DOH provide for people living with HIV (PLHIV)?
Free and accessible Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and medications for opportunistic infections - to those who are enrolled in the program *DOH will designate public and private hospitals as treatment hubs for HIV and AIDS care.
67
What will the DOH develop for managing PLHIV
manual of procedures for the proper management and treatment of PLHIV
68
what are the acts that violate confidentiality
1. Unlawful Disclosure of HIV Information - illegal to share any information about a person's HIV status, testing, exposure, or treatment without written consent - except in specific cases under Section 45 of the law 2. Media Disclosure - unlawful for editor, publisher, reporter or columnist - in any media outlet (printed materials, radio, TV, film, or social media) cannot publish or broadcast information that can identify a person living with HIV without written consent. - includes names, pictures, or any details that can reveal someone's HIV and AIDS status info.
69
Are there exceptions to HIV confidentiality laws?
Yes If a person voluntarily reveals their own HIV status (e.g., on social media), confidentiality laws may no longer apply. laws that allows exceptions to HIV confidentiality in media: - Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012) - Republic Act No. 10173 (Data Privacy Act of 2012)
70
what are the specific situations where HIV-related info may be disclosed while still ensuring confidentiality
1. DOH Surveillance Reporting - DOH requires hospitals and health agencies to report HIV cases for public health monitoring - However, personal identity must remain confidential in these reports 2. Health Workers Involved in Treatment - Doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel directly caring for a person with HIV can be informed of the patient’s status. - Required to follow shared medical confidentiality, meaning they cannot disclose the information to unauthorized individuals. 3. Legal Proceedings with Subpoenas - If a court orders the release of HIV-related information through a subpoena duces tecum (for documents) or subpoena ad testificandum (for testimony), it may be disclosed. -Medical records must be anonymous. - The head of the medical office must verify the records, seal them securely, and hand-deliver them to the judge for personal review.
71
Who Can Receive HIV Test Results?
Only the individual who took the test can receive their results from a trained service provider. [The trained service provider who conducted the pre-test and post-test counseling is responsible for delivering the results]
72
Who can receive the test results if the patient is below 15, an orphan, or mentally incapacitated?
parent legal guardian duly assigned licensed social worker health worker. *a minor (below 15) is capable to receive if they are mentally capable and gave voluntary, informed consent given that, age-appropriate counseling, healthcare access and sufficient support services
73
who should an HIV-positive person disclose their status to?
they are strongly encouraged to disclose to -spouse - sexual partner - anyone at risk before engaing in activities that may expose others to HIV
74
Who can help a person with HIV disclose their status?
may seek help from qualified professionals including - medical professionals health workers - peer educators - social workers to support in disclosing this health condition to one's partner or spouse
75
who shall establish an enabling enviro to encourage newly tested HIV positive individuals to disclose their statue to partners
DOH through the PNAC
76
what are some of the discriminatory acts and practices
* Discrimination in the Workplace * Discrimination in Learning Institution * Restriction on Travel and Habitation * Restrictions on Shelter. * Prohibition from Seeking or Holding Public Office * Exclusion from Credit and Insurance Services * Discrimination in Hospitals and Health Institutions * Denial of Burial Services * Act of Bullying * Other similar or analogous discriminatory actDiscrimination in the Workplace * Discrimination in Learning Institution * Restriction on Travel and Habitation * Restrictions on Shelter. * Prohibition from Seeking or Holding Public Office * Exclusion from Credit and Insurance Services * Discrimination in Hospitals and Health Institutions * Denial of Burial Services * Act of Bullying * Other similar or analogous discriminatory acts
77
what are the penalties on Misinformation on HIV and AIDS
1 to 10 years imprisonment fine between ₱50,000 - ₱500,000, or both.
78
what are the penalties on Knowingly or Negligently Infecting Another Person with HIV in the course of the practice of profession
6 to 12 years imprisonment plus possible fines and professional sanctions (e.g., suspension/revocation of licenses). *no fines
79
what are the penalties on Harassment of HIV and AIDS Service Providers
6 months to 5 years imprisonment and a fine between ₱100,000 - ₱500,000.
80
what are the penalties on Health insurance and similar services shall, upon conviction
6 months to 5 years imprisonment and/or a fine of at least ₱50,000, at the court’s discretion. [Discrimination in Health Insurance & Similar Services]
81
what are the penalties on Breaching Confidentiality of an HIV Patient
Penalty: 6 months to 2 years imprisonment and/or a fine of ₱50,000 - ₱150,000.
82
what are the penalties on Mass Dissemination of a Person’s HIV Status of a person
2 years and 1 day to 5 years imprisonment fine of ₱150,000 - ₱350,000. *which includes: spreading the info online or making statements to the media
83
what are the penalties on Confidentiality Breach by Professionals
5 years and 1 day to 7 years imprisonment fine of ₱350,000 - ₱500,000. *professionals include: - health professional - medical instructor - worker - employer - recruitment agency - insurance company - data encoder - other custodian *of any medical record, file, data or test results

2025 SEM 2 MED TECH LAWS AND ETHICS (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions