HIV - Exam 1 Flashcards
HIV virus genome is stored in
RNA
HIV virus requires a ___ to replicate
host cell
the primary HIV receptor is
CD4
the 2 HIV coreceptors/cytokines are
CXCR4 and CCR5
HIV virus can ONLY infect ____ and _____
CD4 + T lymphocytes and macrophages
the 1st clinical cases of AIDS were reported at ___ in ____
UCLA in 1981
the first cases of AIDS were in ____ men which all had ____
5 homosexual men which all had 3 opportunistic infections
3 opportunistic infections present in 1st cases of AIDS
pneumocystis cariini PNA, CMV, and oral thrush
3 routes of HIV transmission
- blood (needle stick/sharing, transfusion)
- mucosal (sexual contact w infected person)
- vertical (mother to baby in utero, during delivery, and in breastmilk)
7 stages of HIV life cycle (according to An’s slides)
- attachment
- penetration
- uncoating
- replication
- gene expression
- assembly
- budding
HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase…
converts single stranded HIV RNA to double stranded HIV DNA
HIV enzyme integrase…
integrates HIV DNA into hosts DNA (occurs in nucleus) and it is made a “provirus”
HIV enzyme protease…
cuts proteins into smaller chains which join with RNA to make new viruses
in what two ways does HIV cause CD4 + T cell death
- viral cytopathicity (virus kills cell directly)
2. immune system attacks infected cells
as CD4 count DEC ____ INC
opportunistic infection
____ is typically the cause of death in AIDS pts
opportunistic infection
3 cancers common in HIV + individuals
- kaposi sarcoma (Herpes 8)
- non-hodgkins lymphoma (epstein barr virus)
- cervical cancer (papilloma virus)
____ is a major site for VIGOROUS HIV REPLICATION
GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue)
GALT is highly susceptible with HIV inf because
the majority of cells are CD4+ T cells which express the CCR5 allele
CD4+ T cells are “_____”
highly activated memory t cells
HAART stands for
highly active anti retroviral therapy
HAART is a..
3 drug combo therapy which targets different steps in the viral replication process
HIV drugs like fusion/entry inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication
fusion
HIV drugs like non-nucleoside/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication
reverse transcription
HIV drugs like integrase inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication
integration
HIV drugs like protease inhibitors target ___ step in HIV replication
assembly
positives of HAART drugs
makes HIV virus undetectable
negative of HAART drugs
- if you stop HIV virus is detectable in 2 weeks
- expensive
- side effects
- life-long regime
- lack of adherence leads to resistance
- every day doses
there is no cure for HIV due to ____/____
HIV reservoir/latency
since current HIV treatments focus on replication steps the virus…
is not removed from cells
HIV drugs only work in ___ cells
replicating
the HIV virus can live in ____ indefinitely
genome of non-replicating cells
the ____ pt is the only one to be cured of HIV
berlin
_____ is Dr. An’s research for a new approach to a cure for HIV
hematopoetic stem cell based gene therapy
in hematopoetic stem cell therapy you..
take the pts bone marrow stem cells and perform gene therapy to remove the CCR5 allele, then transplant the pts own stem cells back into them
