HIV Clinical Correlation Flashcards
Normal CD4 T lymphocyte count:
> 500
White plaques in throat:
Erythematous pharynx
HIV infection leads to:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV affects cell of the immune system called:
T cells or CD4
Characterize HIV:
infects only Humans
Immunodeficiency virus
Virus that attacks the body
Characterize AIDS:
- Acquired, not inherited
- weakens the Immune system
- creates Deficiency of CD4+ cells
- Syndrome (group of illness taking place @ the same time)
History: Simian Immunodeficiency virus is from _________ in West Africa.
Chimpanzees
HIV is from what family & subfamily:
Family Retroviridae
Subfamily Lentivirus
HIV 2 which is more related to SIV 2 and originated from:
Sootey mangabeys
On the other hand, HIV 1 is from:
Chimpanzees; pan troglodytes
__________ is a single-stranded RNA virus containing the enzyme that converts single-stranded RNA viral genome into double-stranded viral DNA, what enzyme is this?
Retroviridae, reverse transcriptase
A retroviral DNA incorporated into host cell by integrase is:
Provirus
Parts of the proviral gene:
LTR Gag Pol Env Regulatory proteins
It encodes structural proteins that help in packaging RNA of the virus to generate new virus particle.
Gag
Contains the enhancer & promoter regions of HIV.
Long terminal repeat (LTR)
Codes for envelope proteins, along with host plasma membrane that completes the virus particle that buds off:
Env
Gene that encodes reverse transcriptase & integrase:
Pol gene
Give the 3 regulatory proteins that affect viral transcription output.
Nef (negative factor)
Tat (transactivator of transcription)
Rev (regulator of viral gene expression responsible for switching early to late HIV gene)
In binding & fusion, virion binds to ___ receptors on helper T lymphocytes.
CD4
What catalyzes the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome to establish infection?
Integrase
The process that produces large amount of viral RNA:
Transcription of viral DNA
Stage where symptoms can be described as the ‘worst flu ever’:
Early stage - 2-4 weeks
aka Acute retroviral syndrome or Primary HIV infection
What is detected in Rapid HIV test?
HIV-1 p24 antigen
The first FDA-approved test:
HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combo test
The clinical latency stage is also known as:
Asymptomatic HIV infection or Chronic HIV infection
Opportunistic infections that is HIV related:
Encephalopathy
Opportunistic infection of chronic ulcers:
Herpes simplex
Opportunistic infections of bronchi, trachea, esophagus or lungs:
Candidiasis
Side effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
Lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, anemia, fatigue, nausea, insomnia
It binds to the active site induces conformational change & inhibit enzyme function. Adverse effevts are rash, inc liver func, impaired concentration:
Nonnucleoside inhibitor (delaviridine, nevirapine, efavirenz)
It prevents acute infection of susceptible cells and terminates elongation process:
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir)
Inhibits HIV protease which activates precursors of gag-pol and block viral maturation. Its side effects include nausea vomiting diarrhea:
Protease inhibitors (saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir)
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy:
2 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 1 protease inhibitor
He was diagnosed with HIV in 1995, aka the Berlin patient:
Timothy Brown
Rare genetic mutation that resists HIV infection:
Homozygous CCR5 32
Metro manila accounts for 55% of new HIV cases followed by:
Calabarzon (14%)
Central visayas (7%)
Central luzon (3%)
Davao (5%)
Functional cure of anti retroviral treatment for 18mos was received by:
Mississippi baby
14 HIV positive people treated with HIV drugs showing no signs of virus rebounding after 7 years off therapy:
Visconti patients
