HIV and AIDS Flashcards
HIV-1 was discovered in what year?
1981
HIV-1 and HIV-2 belongs to what genus and family?
genus: Lentivirinae, family: Retroviridae
HIV-1 and HIV-2 are two diff strains (T/F)
True
HIV-1 and HIV-2 are transmitted the same way (T/F)
True
HIV-2 is easier to transmit (T/F)
False
HIV-2 progresses faster than HIV-1 (T/F)
False
HIV-2 is found in ____ ______ and rarely found anywhere else.
West Africa
Morphology of HIV-1 and HIV-2
- enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses, with diameter of about 110nm
Infective particles are called?
Virions
Virions, contain two identical copies of single-stranded RNA (T/F)
True
Mother to child transmission in HIV-2 is low (T/F)
True
• Two groups, __ and __ have been found in
HIV-1. Group M is further divided into 10
subtypes _ - _.
Two groups, M and O have been found in
HIV-1. Group M is further divided into 10
subtypes A - J
The strains of HIV-1 can be classified into four groups.
Of these, M is the ‘major’ group and is responsible for the majority of the global HIV epidemic.
The other three groups - N, O and P - are quite uncommon.
Group O represents up to 5% of infections in several west and central African countries, and Group N and P have been rarely identified in Cameroon. All groups can be detected by HIV-1 antibody tests.
How many sub-types are in HIV-2?
5 subtypes, A - E
Hemagglutinins - define
glycoproteins which cause red blood cells (RBCs) to agglutinate or clump together
HIV-2 strains can’t be found with HIV-1 test (T/F)
True
Subtypes A, C, and D
being the most prevalent in ?
Sub saharan Africa
Subtypes A, C, and D being the most prevalent in ?
Sub saharan Africa
Which subtypes are recombinant with subtype A in HIV-1?
all available sequences of subtype E & G are recombinant with subtype A
New HIV infections have been reduced by ___ since the peak in ____
New HIV infections have been reduced by 40% since the peak in 1998
AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by ___ since
the peak in ____.
AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by 60% since
the peak in 2004.
Women who experienced physical / sexual partner violence are 1.5 times more likely to acquire HIV than women who have not experienced such violence (T/F)
True
Virally suppressed - define
When antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces a person’s viral load (HIV RNA) to an undetectable level.
Does viral suppression indicate that a person is cured?
No