HIV and AIDS Flashcards
exam 4
complex retrovirus
HIV
structural protein; forms virion
gag
protease
pro
reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase
pol
envelope glycoprotein
env
HIV initial attachment via interaction between
Env and CD4
HIV possible coreceptors
CCR5 or CXCR4
new virions must ______ before entering another cell
mature
triggers membrane fusion, which releases capsid into the cytoplasm
coreceptor
Reverse transcription of viral genome. ______ is transported to the nucleus
vDNA
nuclear import/export of viral nucleic acids allow the virus to
constantly replicate
number of ways to splice the RNA
9
integration of vDNA leads to
stable proviral intermediate
components that extend beyond the glycan shield are highly variable
sequence variability
HIV factors designed to evade the immune system
- glycan shield
2. sequency variability
glycosylation sites; 50% of the molecular weight is carbohydrate
Glycan shield
glycosylation carried out by
host ER
constant replication leads to extensive genetic variation of the virus and to eventual loss of target CD4+ T cells, leading to
AIDS
primary infection of HIV leads to a drop in
CD4+ cells and proliferation of virions
persistence is due to
constant replication of the virus
cells that live much longer after infection
latently infected
constant replication leads to
extensive genetic variation
system remains in a _______ state for thousands of replication cycles
quasi-stable
ART
reduces replication not curative
fusion inhibitors, co-receptor antagonists
entry inhibitors
NRTI/NNRTI
RT inhibitors
AnSTI and ALLINI
integration inhibitors
protease inhibitors
maturation inhibitor
ART bloks infection and formation of the pro-virus, but has no effect
on cells that are already infected
a few CD4+ cells become persistently infected with non-expressed latent proviruses leading to
infection if therapy is stopped
