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Microbiology 4 > bacteriaphage > Flashcards

bacteriaphage Flashcards

exam 4

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

viruses that infect bacteria

A

bacteriophages

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2
Q

simple bacteriophage

A

capsid + DNA or RNA

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3
Q

some viruses have a lipid coat

A

envelope

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4
Q

phages adsorb to specific receptors on the

A

bacterial cell surface

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5
Q

binding of bacteriophage to outer membrane is

A

irreversible

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6
Q

1 bacteriophage is made up of

A

multiple phage proteins

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7
Q

early mRNA is synthesized from

A

1-12 after infection

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8
Q

late mRNAs are synthesized from

A

8-35 after infection

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9
Q

phage T7 Genome early mRNA has what type of terminator

A

both factor dependent or independent

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10
Q

E. coli “Host” RNA polymerase recognizes the ___________ and transcribes the early mRNA but it does not recognize the _____________

A

E. coli “Host” RNA polymerase recognizes the Early promoter and transcribes the early mRNA but it does not recognize the Late promoters

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11
Q

T7 gene 1 encodes

A

GP1

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12
Q

a phage encoded RNA polymerase specific for the late T7 late promoters

A

GP1

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13
Q

prevents all subsequent host RNA transcription as well as phage T7 early RNA trnscription

A

action of Gp2

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14
Q

T7 gene 2 product

A

GP2

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15
Q

binds to host RNA polymerase holoenzyme and totally inhibits transcription initiation activity

A

GP2

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16
Q

virulent phages always undergo the ____ growth program

A

lytic phages

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17
Q

can undergo lytic and lysogenic growth programs

A

Temperate phages i

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18
Q

is a Temperate phage

A

bacteriophage lambda

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19
Q

transcriptional Anti-terminator (2)

A

N and Q

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20
Q

early anti terminator

A

N

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21
Q

late anti-terminator

A

Q

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22
Q

represor of lytic growth

A

Cl

23
Q

repression of lytic growth

A

lysogeny

24
Q

CII is a

A

binding protein

25
Q

once CII has had time to accumulate it will activate

A

cI

26
Q

site specific

A

integration

27
Q

lambda integration is between

A

gal and bio

28
Q

cI shuts off

A

PL and PR

29
Q

once cI binds to the PR a second promoter forms called

A

PRM

30
Q

positive transcriptional of its own synthesis

A

cI

31
Q

typically, the only protein expressed from a prophage is the

A

repressor

32
Q

immune to any other lambda phage infection

A

lambda lysogen

33
Q

lytic growth or lysogeny?

A

depends on the nutriotional status of the cell

34
Q

rich nutrient medium> high levels of protease > cII is degraded > No repressor made> Q protein accumulates

A

Lysis

35
Q

all of cII is degraded and no repressor is made

A

lysis

36
Q

poor nutrient medium > low levels of protease > cII accumulates and activates cI repressor synthesis

A

lysogeny

37
Q

enoguh cII is spared to activate transcription resulting in high levels of cI repression

A

lysogeny

38
Q

can prophages escape from the lysogenic state?

A

Yes

39
Q

escaping the lysogenic state

A

induction

40
Q

phage induction is elicited by _____ through the __________

A

phage induction is elicited by DNA damage through the SOS response

41
Q

are not expressed in general beucase they are repressed by the LexA protein

A

SOS- DNA repair

42
Q

After interaction with activated _______ protein, the Lex A represor ____, allowing the SIS DNA repair genes to be expressed

A

After interaction with activated Rec A protein, the Lex A represor self-destruct, allowing the SIS DNA repair genes to be expressed

43
Q

How does the SIS response affect a prophage?

A

DNA damage activates RecA protein leading to activated RecA protein triggers phage repressors to self-destruct

44
Q

Similar to the Lex A repressor, phage repressor are triggered undergo _____________ after interaction with activated host RecA protein

A

autoproteolysis

45
Q

loss of phage repressor leads to initiation of prophage from the _______ and subsequent lytic growth

A

bacterial chromosome

46
Q

host chromosomes regions on either side of the prophage integration site can be mistakenly excised and packaged in a phage particle and subsequently delivered to a new bacterium

A

misexcision

47
Q

who can do specialized transduction

A

only temperate phages

48
Q

transfer of host bacterial chromosomal DNA limited to the ________ regions of a prophage integration site was ________ and packaged in phage particles and delivered to another bacterium

A

transfer of host bacterial chromosomal DNA limited to the flanking regions of a prophage integration site was misexcised and packaged in phage particles and delivered to another bacterium

49
Q

transfers phage genes and specific bacterial genes adjacent to the prophage

A

specialized transduction

50
Q

is the acquisition of a new property (phenotype) by a host bacterium due to establishment of lysogeny by a temperate phage

A

lysogenic conversion

51
Q

shiga-like toxin

A

E.coli and lambda phage

52
Q

phage resistance mechanisms [3]

A
  1. alter phage receptor
  2. restriction modification systems
  3. crispr systems
53
Q

each spacer matches a

A

phage DNA sequence

54
Q

Guide RNA with an endonuclease will

A

cleave if there is a match between the strands

Microbiology 4 (7 decks)

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