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Viral Serology HIV > HIV and AIDS > Flashcards

HIV and AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Who was responsible for identifying HIV-1 in France?
A) Robert Gallo
B) Jay Levy
C) Luc Montagnier
D) None of the above

A

C) Luc Montagnier

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2
Q

Which statement best describes the characteristics of HIV-1?
A) More severe, slow transmission rate
B) Less severe, slow transmission rate
C) More severe, fast transmission rate
D) Less severe, fast transmission rate

A

C) More severe, fast transmission rate

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3
Q

Among the strains of HIV, which one is predominantly found worldwide?
A) HIV-2
B) HIV-3
C) HIV-4
D) HIV-1

A

D) HIV-1

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4
Q

Which researchers are credited with the discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) in the USA during the early 1980s?

A) Robert Koch & Louis Pasteur
B) Francis Crick & James Watson
C) Robert Gallo & Jay Levy
D) Jonas Salk & Albert Sabin

A

C) Robert Gallo & Jay Levy

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5
Q

What was the former name associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1)?
A. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III)
B. Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV)
C. AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV)
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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6
Q

Which region predominantly experiences the majority of HIV-2 cases and what is a characteristic of HIV-2?

A) East Africa, rapid transmission rate
B) North America, high pathogenicity
C) West Africa, slow transmission rate and Less pathogenic
D) South Asia, high infectivity

A

C) West Africa, slow transmission rate and Less pathogenic

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7
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes the survival and infection mechanism of HIV?

A) HIV can survive for extended periods outside the host cell.
B) HIV primarily infects red blood cells to survive.
C) HIV does not survive long outside the host cell and must infect CD4 target cells to survive.
D) HIV survives by attaching to host cells through the CD8 receptor.

A

C) HIV does not survive long outside the host cell and must infect CD4 target cells to survive.

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8
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission for the infection similar to Hepatitis B?

a. By direct and specific routes
b. Sexual intercourse and anal intercourse (fastest way to infect)
c. Vaginal - less transmission
d. Male with homosexual

A

b. Sexual intercourse and anal intercourse (fastest way to infect)

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a prominent mode of transmission for the infection similar to Hepatitis B?

a. By direct and specific routes
b. Male with homosexual
c. Mouth sores
d. Vaginal - less transmission

A

c. Mouth sores

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10
Q

What transmission method is less efficient compared to others for the infection similar to Hepatitis B?

a. Male with homosexual
b. By direct and specific routes
c. Vaginal - less transmission
d. Sexual intercourse and anal intercourse (fastest way to infect)

A

c. Vaginal - less transmission

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11
Q

Which mode of transmission is similar to Hepatitis B?

a. By direct and specific routes
b. Blood transfusions
c. Contaminated food or water
d. Male with homosexua

A

d. Male with homosexual.

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12
Q

What is a common mode of transmission for the infection similar to Hepatitis B?

a. Saliva exchange
b. Transfer of blood or blood products
c. Airborne droplets
d. Skin contact

A

b. Transfer of blood or blood products

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13
Q

How is the infection typically transmitted to babies?

a. Through airborne particles
b. Contact with infected animals
c. Congenital infection
d. Consumption of contaminated food

A

c. Congenital infection

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14
Q

Which behavior increases the risk of contracting the infection similar to Hepatitis B?

a. Sharing utensils
b. Swimming in public pools
c. Eating raw vegetables
d. Parenteral drug use, such as sharing needles

A

d. Parenteral drug use, such as sharing needles

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15
Q

Which of the following statements about the transmission of viruses through kissing is accurate?

A) Kissing is a significant cause of virus transmission.

B) Kissing is completely safe and does not transmit any viruses.

C) Kissing doesn’t contribute to virus transmission, but excessive exchange of saliva can transfer the virus.

D) Kissing is the sole method of virus transmission.

A

C) Kissing doesn’t contribute to virus transmission, but excessive exchange of saliva can transfer the virus.

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16
Q

What are the viral gene products produced by the gag gene, and what is their function?

A
  • The gag gene produces viral gene products p24, p18, and p15.
  • These gene products function as core structural proteins, often referred to as group antigens (group Ags).
17
Q

What is the function of the pol polymerase (enzymes) in viral gene products?

A
  • Transcribing single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) within the nucleus.
18
Q

Viral gene product of pol polymerase (enzymes)

A
  • Reverse transcriptase
  • RNAase
  • Protease
  • Integrase
19
Q

What is the function of the viral gene product gp160 associated with the ‘env’ gene in a virus?

A
  • The function of gp160 is to bind to CD4 receptors for infection.
  • It has a direct effect on the immune response by binding to T helper/inducer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.
20
Q

What is the role of gp41, another product associated with the ‘env’ gene in the virus?

A
  • Gp41 is required for the viral fusion of the cell, facilitating the entry of the virus into the host cell.
21
Q

Which of the following best describes the role of CD4+ cells in the immune system?

A) Initiating inflammation at the site of infection
B) Directly attacking and destroying pathogens
C) Regulating and coordinating the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
D) Producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens

A

C) Regulating and coordinating the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

22
Q

When HIV rapidly disrupts the immune system, causing depletion, which of the following immune responses are primarily affected, leading to the patient becoming immunocompromised?

A) Antigen-presenting cells and phagocytes
B) Cell-mediated and humoral immunity
C) Innate and adaptive immunity
D) T cells and B cells

A

B) Cell-mediated and humoral immunity

23
Q

During HIV replication, what consequence arises due to the killing of CD4 cells?

A) Enhanced production of helper-inducer T lymphocytes
B) Reduction in the replication of the virus
C) Severe depletion of helper-inducer T lymphocytes
D) Increased resistance to opportunistic infections

A

C) Severe depletion of helper-inducer T lymphocytes

24
Q

Where are the key components of a virus located?
A) The core, housing enzymes, at the periphery, while the virion or enveloped proteins are situated in the center.

B) Both the core, housing enzymes, and the virion or enveloped proteins are located at the periphery.

C) The core, housing enzymes, is in the center, while the virion or enveloped proteins are situated at the periphery.

D) The core, housing enzymes, and the virion or enveloped proteins are both situated in the center.

A

C) The core, housing enzymes, is in the center, while the virion or enveloped proteins are situated at the periphery.

25
Q

What is the process on how the HIV Replicates?

A
  • CD4 receptor- the glycoproteins enveloped binds and release the HIV virion -> enter (reverse transcriptase) which transcribing the RNA
    of virus into DNA of the host

Viral Serology HIV (7 decks)

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