Hiv And Aids Flashcards
What is hiv
It is a human immunodeficiency virus
It is a retrovirus
Causes aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
It is life long
There are two substypes (hiv-1 and hiv-2)
Hiv-1 is most prevalent
What is aids
It is caused by hiv
Caused by both subtypes
Enters and destroys cd4 cells
Spread and testing and prevention of hiv
Spread: unprotected sex, sharing needles
Prevention: condoms , clean needles, treatment of hiv in pregnant women
Testing: seroconversion, antibodies test, point of care test
What are the phases?
Acute phase: initial stage few symptoms
Seroconversion: around 1-2 months of infection. Influenza like symptoms. Highly infection
Chronic phase: may remain asymptomatic or symptomatic as cd4 count drops
Aids: late stage, cd4 cell count drops to <200cells per microlitre
Non specific symptoms of hiv
Rapid weight loss
Recurring fever
Night sweat
Common comorbitdites of aids
TB
Cervical cancer
Non Hodgkin lymphoma
What are the marks of HIv?
Detection of antibodies to hiv
Reducing cd4 cell count
Increased viral load
Treatment goals of hiv
Improve quantities and quality of life
Preserve immune system
Suppress viral load
Increase cd4 cells
What is HAART
It is highly active antiretroviral therapy
It’s aims are to:
Increase life expectancy
Reduce mortality
Characteristics of an ideal retrovirial agent
Protects uninflected cells
Minimal side efffects
Not resistant
What are the types of antiretroviral therapy
NRTIS (NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBTIORS)
NNRTIS (NON NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS)
PROTEASE INHIBITORS
What is the moa of entry inhibitors?
They interfere with the binding and entry of HIV virus to a cd4 cell
What is the moa of NRTIS
Competitively Inhibits reverse transcription by causing chain termination after they have been put into viral dna
What is the moa of nnrtis
Bind to and denature reverse transcriptase enzyme thus causing non competitive inhibition by binding to the allosteric site
Moa of Integrate inhibitors
Prevents HIV from integrating its genetic material into the host cell dna by blocking the action of viral integrase enzyme
