Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hailey - IHO > HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

HIV/AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Key molecules of HIV replicative cycle

A 
RT
cDNA
mRNA
tat
RnaseH
gp120
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tat

A

Protein that regulates viral Tx

Affects rate of replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gp120

A

Envelope glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1983

A

HIV isolated (took two years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1987

A

Zidovudine available to USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1993

A

AIDS leading cause of death of young adults in US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1996

A

HAART

Development of resistance and SE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2003

A

New class: fusion inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Goals of HIV Tx

A 
Maximally inhibit viral replication
Fully undetectable levels of virus
Lower the viral RNA --> lower rate of accumulation of drug resistance --> longer therapeutic effect
Avoid drug interactions
Encourage complicance
Drug combinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General Tx strategy:

A 
COMBINATIONS
One of (NNRTI, PI, IntegraseI) + TWO NRTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NRTIs (nucleoSide)

A

Zidovudine (azidothymidine or AZT)
Lamivudine
Emtricitabine
Abacavir

“Emtrici, you and Aba go feed Zido some Lami on the back Side of the house.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NRTI (nucleoSide) mech

A

Competitiveliy inhibit RT
Incorporate into vDNA chain and cause termination
REQUIRES PHOSPHORYLATION by cellular enzymes to become active

Resistance to one –> resistance to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NRTI (nucleoSide) SE

A

FATAL: LACTIC ACIDOSIS WITH HEPATIC STEATOSIS probably due to mitochondrial toxicity
Fat redistribution
Hyperlipidemia
Drug drug interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Zidovudine SE

A 
Granulocytopenia and anemia (45% treated patients)
CNS disturbances:
severe HA
nausea
insomnia
malaise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lamivudine and Emtricitabine SE

A

Best tolerated of NRTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abacavir SE

A

Hypersensitivity

17
Q

NRTIs (nucleoTide)

A

Tenofovir

“Best ride on the Tide is a Ten*”

18
Q

NRTI (nucleoTide) mech

A

Competitively inhibit RT
Incorporate into vDNA chain and cause termination
DOES NOT REQUIRE PHOSPHORYLATION

19
Q

NRTI (nucleoTide) SE

A 
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Potential for renal failure
FATAL: LACTIC ACIDOSIS WITH HEPATIC STEATOSIS
20
Q

NNRTIs (non-nucleoSide)

A

Efavirenz
Etravirine

Efa plus Etra (mobsters) kill Vir with NNRTIs (weapons)

21
Q

NNRTIs mech

A

Bind directly to RT at side distinct from NRTI
RT can no longer produce vDNA
DOES NOT REQUIRE PHOSPHORYLATION

NO CROSS RESISTANCE WITH NRTIs or PIs

22
Q

NNRTIs SE

A

GI intolerance
Skin rash
Drug interactions: CYP450

23
Q

Efavirenz

A 
QD
CNS effects (vivid dreams, nightmares, hallucinations)

Efa: once daily gets weird dreams

24
Q

Etravirine

A

Rash
Nausea
Peripheral neuropathy

Etra: Nausea, Neuropathy, Rash (NNRti)

25
Q

Protease Inhibitors (PI)

A

Atazanavir
Ritonavir
Darunavir

“Darun Ate all the Rits crackers at the super bowl Party Intermission.”

26
Q

PI mech

A

Prevents protease action required for MATURATION of fully assembled virus
*WITHOUT THIS CLEAVAGE THE VIRUS IS NOT INFECTIOUS
Prevents post-Ts cleavage of Gag-Pol polyproteins

27
Q

PI SE

A 
GI disturbances
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance
Dyslipidemia
Cardiac conduction abnormalities
Peripheral lipoatrophy and central fat accumulation
CYP3A4 hepatic
28
Q

Ritonavir boosting

A

high doses of PI ritonavir are POORLY TOLERATED
Used at lower doses TO INCREASE SERUM CONC OF OTHER PIS and DECREASE DOSAGE FREQ OF OTHER PIs

potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 (increases affectiveness of PIs)

29
Q

Fusion Inhibitors (FI)

A

EnfuvirTide (T-20)

“Catching Enough (e nfu) Tides? No? Do this workout: FIT-20!”

30
Q

FI mech

A

Binds to gp41 and prevents the conformational change necessary for fusion of viral an host cell membranes to allow virus into cell

31
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

SubQ BID
local reactions with pain, erythema, induration, nodules, cysts

Active against other HIV-resistant antiretrovirals

32
Q

Integrase Inhibitors (INSTI)

A

Raltegravir

“Walt’s favorite: INSTant (insti) gravy”
Ralt = Walt, gravi = gravy

33
Q

INSTI mech

A

Binds integrase
Inhibits strand transfer, the final step of provirus integration
INSTI: integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors

Fewer drug drug Intxns

34
Q

CCR5 Antagonist

35
Q

CCR5/CXCR4 antagonist mech

A

Binds specifically and selectively to host CCR5

CCR5: receptor HIV-1 uses to get into host cell

36
Q

CCR5 Ant SE

A

Pyrexia
Rash
Postural dizziness

37
Q

HAART

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy
RTIs in combo with PI
HAART associate lipodystrophy

38
Q

HAART associated lipodystrophy

A 
25-50% patients affected
Wasting of suQ fat
Central adiposity
Hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus
Most often seen with use of NRTIs and PI
39
Q

If reitonavir given in combo with darunavir, would you expect an increase, decrease, or no chance in serum conc. of daruavir computer to mono therapy with darunavir?

A

Would expect an increase in serum darunavir because ritonavir inhibits CYP450, which metabolizes PIs (darunavir).

Hailey - IHO (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions