HIV/AIDS Flashcards
Advantage of using several classes of Antiretroviral drug for HIV treatment
Viral replication inhibited in several ways making it difficult for the virus to recover and decrease the like hood of resistance
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
done to detect serum antibodies that bind to HIV antigens, Blood samples that are negative on this test are reported as negative, if the blood is EIA-antibody positive, repeat the test, if the blood is repeatedly EIA- antibody positive , a more specific confirming test, such as the Western blot(WB), or immunofluorescence assay(IFA), is done, Blood that is reactive in all of the first three steps is reported as HIV- antibody positive.
Western blot HIV antibodies confirmation test
takes more time and very expensive
PCR HIV test
detects pieces of HIV genetic material, used to diagnose and determine prognosis and treatment and treatment
What is T4 : T8 ratio in HIV infected people
1:2 in HIV infected people (it is 2:1 in normal people)
laboratory studies in HIV infection
CD$+ T cells- marker of immune function
Viral load-the lower the viral load the less active the disease
WBC- low count usually
Anemia- associated with chronic disease process and adverse effects of ART
what is anergy test
done to determine the adequacy of immune system.
Anergy is defined as
an immunodeficient condition characterized by lack of or diminished reaction to an antigen or a group of antigens.
AIDS diagnostic criteria
CD4+T
what are the goals of ART
boost immune system, slow viral replication, and prevent infections.
Drugs for HIV
reverse transcriptase inhibitors- blocks completion of HIV DNA
which drug is given to prevent HIV transmission to the pregnant women
Zidovudine, given at last term of pregnancy, after birth baby will take the drug for 1.5 to 2 months, antibodies test 3-6 months after until they become negative
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs) adverse effects
most end in “ine” bone suppression, anemia, neuropathies, triglycerides, pancreatitis, nausea and vomiting- give them with empty stomach
Protease inhibitors
all meds end with Vir, ( examples: saquinavir(invirase)
give with food( high fat/protein decreases absorption), higher glucose levels possible
Biologic response modifiers for HIV
Epogen- helps produce red blood cells
Neupogen- increase neutrophils
Megace- appetite stimulus, keep the weight up, prevent waste syndrome
Marinol- anti emetic, appetite stimulus, synthetic cannabis(DHC)
Post exposure prophylaxis(PEP)
done for 30 days, expensive, many side effects, many fail to take due to side effects
wash/flush immediately
determine risk- type of fluid& type of exposure, give PEP for exposure risk for infection transmission,
follow-up and teaching
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
weight loss, night sweat,
treatment for 9months with antibiotics, could spread to kidney and brain
Mycobacterium avium complexx(MAC)
when CD4 count less than 100, bacteria commonly found in soil dust, and food
gastritis, weight loss
check liver function and GI issue
Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC)
when CD4 count less than 100, bacteria commonly found in soil dust, and food
gastritis, weight loss
check liver function and GI issue
candidiasis
found anywhere in GI tract in everyone’s body,
eat yoghurt and Swiss mouth with good oral care helps
Fluconazole first line treatment
Cryptococcal meningitis
found in soil and dust
death can occur form cerebral edema
treated first before HIV
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( bacterial)
weight loss, night sweat,
treatment for 9months with antibiotics, could spread to kidney and brain
Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC) bacterial
when CD4 count less than 100, bacteria commonly found in soil dust, and food
gastritis, weight loss
check liver function and GI issue
candidiasis ( fungus)
found anywhere in GI tract in everyone’s body,
eat yoghurt and Swiss mouth with good oral care helps
Fluconazole first line treatment
Cryptococcal meningitis (fungus)
found in soil and dust
death can occur form cerebral edema
treated first before HIV
Pneumocystis carinii (PCP)- protozoa
CD4
Toxoplasmosis gondii - protozoa
raw meat, cat feces, raw vegetables,
CD4
Cytomegalovirus( CMV)
transmitted through bodily fluids,
eye check should be done
Herpes -simplex virus
most frequent outbreaks in HIV people
Herpes zoster
pain after up can still have pain after cleared up
Kaposi Sarcoma
vascular lesions in the skin,incidence has dropped because of ART
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
The longer you live with immunosuppression the higher chance you get this
HIV encephalopathy
Aids dementia complex
nausea vomiting
at risk for muscle wasting, monitor weight
HIV wasting
specific to HIV, 10% of weight loss, successful ART will lead to healthy weight gain
