Dialysis

Question 1

Disequilibrium syndrome

Answer 1

headache nausea vomiting confusion seizures occurs near or after the completion of hemodialysis as a result of rapid changes in solute composition and osmolality of the extracellular fluid.

Question 2

what is the intervention for disequilibrium syndrome?

Answer 2

lower the rate of dialysis

Question 3

why is the solution is warmed during peritoneal dialysis ?

Answer 3

To dilate peritoneal vessels which increases urea clearance. Also, comforts by preventing chilly sensations

Question 4

How do you prepare pt. for peritoneal dialysis ?

Answer 4

obtain consent form, empty bladder and bowel, weight pt. Once started may be initiated immediately with low volume or delayed for weeks
once incision site is healed pt. may shower and pat the catheter and exit site dry

Question 5

How do you prepare pt. for peritoneal dialysis (PD)?

Answer 5

obtain consent form, empty bladder and bowel, weight pt. Once started may be initiated immediately with low volume or delayed for weeks
once incision site is healed pt. may shower and pat the catheter and exit site dry

Question 6

what can be done to facilitate drainage In peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 6

gentle massage or changing positions

Question 7

Which type of PD could be used while pt. is asleep?

Answer 7

Automated PD

Question 8

what are complications associated with PD?

Answer 8

peritonitis( hand wash important), Hernias, Lower back problem, bleeding( in the first few exchanges it should be pink or slightly bloody; however it should go away) intervention is to check BP and HCT, breathing problem( intervention is to encourage deep breathing and elevate HOB), protein loss( stop PD)

Question 9

Hemodialysis

Answer 9

rapid blood flow is required and access to large blood vessels is essential

Question 10

Arteriovenous(AV) fistulas

Answer 10

usually in the forearm or upper arm, fistula allows arterial blood flow through the vein, must be placed at least 3months prior to the need to initiate

Question 11

AV grafts

Answer 11

made from synthetic materials and form a bridge b/n arterial and venous blood supplies, placed under skin, 2-4 weeks is necessary to dry before use

Question 12

Hemodialysis solution

Answer 12

Heparin is added to the blood as it flows into the dialyzer( b/c anytime blood come into contacts with a foreign substance has a tendency to clot), dialysis is terminated by flushing the dialyzer with saline solution

Question 13

Hemodialysis complications

Answer 13

loss of blood, hypotension, muscle cramps, hepatitis