HIV & AIDS

Question 0

At what CD4 count are patients at risk of HIV-associated pathology?

Answer 0

<200

Question 1

Which surface glycoprotein binds to CD4 receptors allows HIV to enter T lymphocytes?

Answer 1

gp120

Question 2

What are the neurological effects of HIV infection?

Answer 2

AIDS dementia complex

Sensory and autonomic neuropathy

Question 3

What eye diseases are seen in HIV?

Answer 3

CMV retinitis

Cotton wool spots (can be confused with CMV retinitis)

Question 4

What mucocutaneous manifestations are seen with HIV?

Answer 4

Dry, itchy flaky skin

Aphthous ulcers

Question 5

What haematological changes are seen with HIV?

Answer 5

Lymphopaenia
Neutropaenia
Anaemia of chronic disease
Thrombocytopenia

Question 6

At what CD4 count should HIV patients begin ART?

Answer 6

<350

Question 7

What is the preferred formulation of NRTIs?

What is the alternative?

Answer 7

Preferred = tenovir and emtricitabine (co-formulated as truvada)

Alt = abacavir and lamivudine (co-formulated as kivexa)

Question 8

What is the ideal regimen for therapy naïve HIV patients?

Answer 8

Triple therapy:
Two NRTIs + third agent

Third agent either:
- Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (eg atozonavir + Ritonavir)
Or
- NNRTI/Integrase inhibitor (eg efavirenz, raltegravir)

Question 9

What therapy should a pregnant women requiring treatment for her HIV receive?

Answer 9

Triple therapy

But not using efavirenz (causes developmental abnormalities)

Question 10

What therapy should a HIV positive woman who does not yet require treatment get whilst pregnant?

Answer 10

A short course of ART @ 20 weeks

Question 11

What should a baby born to a HIV positive mother receive?

Answer 11

4 weeks of zidovudine (NRTI)