HIV/AIDS Flashcards
HIV stands for
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
4 stages of HIV
- Acute HIV infection
- Clinical latency
- Symptomatic infection
- Progression to AIDS
Stage 1 of HIV
Acute HIV infection
Happens within the first few weeks
During stage 1 of HIV:
The virus replicates rapidly, then stabilizes
CD4 count drops and then returns close to normal
CD4 count is:
A type of WBC
What to monitor with HIV/AIDS (2)
Viral load
CD4 cell count: types of WBC
Stage 2 of HIV:
Clinical latency
This period can last for years
During stage 2 of HIV:
The virus continues to replicate slowly
Treatment affects the rate of replication
CD4 count drops
T/F: The clinical latency (stage 2) phase of HIV can last for years.
True
Stage 3 of HIV:
Symptomatic infection
During stage 3 of HIV:
The CD4 count falls below 500 cell/mm3
Patients present with physical symptoms
Symptoms of stage 3 HIV:
Fever, diarrhea, weight loss, sweats/chills, white spots/lesions in oral cavity
AIDS stands for:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Stage 4 of HIV:
AIDS
During phase 4 of HIV:
CD4 count is below 200 cells/mm3
AIDS-defining condition
When the white cell count drops below 200, the patient has entered stage __ of HIV, also known as _____.
4, AIDS
What are some AIDS defining conditions?
Microbial/Viral/Parasitic infections
Bacterial infections
Cervical cancer
Immune system cancers
Herpes
Pneumonia
Encephalopathy
Other infectious diseases
T/F: A mom can transfer the HIV virus to her child via breastmilk
True
HIV is transmitted via:
Blood and body fluids
Breast milk/Amniotic fluid
Semen/Vaginal fluid
PREP stands for:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Patients can take ______ as a preventative from HIV:
PREP
PEP stands for:
Post exposure prophylactic
Form of anti-viral medication taken right after exposure
Not 100% preventative
Medication for HIV
PREP
PEP
Microbacides
Anti-body therapies
Treatment after diagnosis: ART
Initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Lifelong treatment
- Nonadherence leads to drug resistance
Why are there 6 different classes of ART?
Usually on a combination of 3-4 drugs from different classes because the virus can become resistant to the drug
A ______ _______ transplant in immune system cancer patients have helped cure HIV patients before.
Bone marrow
Adherence of at least ____% is important to prevent drug resistance.
95
HIV medication side effects:
Anorexia
N/V
High TG - dyslipidemia
Reflux
Dry mouth
Insulin resistance
Hepatitis C
__________ and insulin must be monitored in HIV patients.
Triglycerides
Liver function must also be monitored if patients have a co-infection with __________.
Hepatitis C
Nutrition assessment of HIV should be done when?
As soon as the patient is diagnosed
Patients should have at least 1 MNT visit per year after initial assessment
HALS stands for:
HIV associated lipodystrophy syndrome
Symptoms of HALS:
Lipohypertrophy
Lipoatrophy
Lipohypertrophy
Fat accumulation in neck/abdomen/chest
Lipoatrophy
Fat wasting in face/cheeks/buttocks
How to measure HALS
Circumference measurements are more helpful than skinfolds
HALS is associated with ________ and ___________ resistance which may be due to ART medication side effects.
Dyslipidemia, insulin
T/F: Usually patients with HALS may have both fat wasting and fat accumulation
True
Food safety for HIV/AIDS:
Avoid unpasteurized dairy products and juices
Avoid raw or undercooked MFP and eggs
Increase protein and energy needs for:
Patients with high risk for infection
May increase 20-50 with opportunistic infection
Normal energy and protein needs for:
Metabolic syndrome
Patients with high triglycerides should consume ______ __ _____ _____.
Omega 3 fatty acids
MNT to help diarrhea from ART side effects:
Probiotics/Prebiotics
Soluble fiber
L glutamine
Multivitamins should include these vitamins to boost immunity, help adequate intake and help with malabsorption:
Vitamin D
Selenium
Vitamin 12
Vitamin E
Iron
Zinc
Beta carotene
Vitamin A
- Supplements should not be above DRI
