Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by (3):
Reduction in glomeruli filtration rate (GFR)
Altered ability to excrete waste (increased BUN and Cr)
Oliguria (sometimes)
Acute kidney injury is the same thing as acute _____ ________.
Renal failure
Glomeruli filtration rate (GFR):
How fast the glomeruli filter the blood
If the kidneys filtering abilities are diminished, there will be an accumulation of ______ products.
Waste
Causes of AKI include:
Inadequate renal prefusion (pre renal cause)
Urinary tract obstruction (post renal cause)
Intrinsic diseases (acute damage to kidneys)
An example of inadequate renal prefusion (pre renal cause)
Severe dehydration - causes inadequate prefusion of blood and oxygen to the kidneys
An example of urinary tract obstruction (post renal cause)
Toxins, fluid, urine leaving the kidneys are obstructed back up in the kidneys and cause injury
What causes a urinary tract obstruction? (3)
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Bladder cancer
Kidney stones
Treatment for an AKI
Dialysis either intermittent or continuous
Proper hydration if severely dehydrated
Dialysis is also known as:
Renal replacement therapy
RD’s role for AKI:
Energy depends on underlying cause/complications
- Usually an increase in calories, 30-40 kcals/d IBW
Protein 0.8-1.0 g/IBW as GFR returns to normal (if not on dialysis)
Fluid needs are estimated based on urine output
- urine output + 500ml
Electrolytes
- Reduce Na if edema
- K and phosphorus restrictions depending on serum levels
Energy needs are based on ______ due to fluid overload in all patients with kidney disease.
IBW
Dialysis removes protein from the blood, protein requirements should be 1 - ___ g.kg.
1.2
Fluid needs for AKI are always based on ______ output.
Urine (+ 500ml)
T/F: All patients will AKI experience oliguria
F, some have a normal urine output
T/F: Fluid requirements are based on urine output because not all patients experience oliguria
True
