HIV Flashcards
1
Q
CD4 count 200-500 cells/mm3
A
- shingles
- hairy leukoplakia
- oral thrush
- Karposi sarcoma
2
Q
CD4 count 100-200 cells/mm3
A
- cryptosporidiosis
- cerebral toxoplasmosis
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- pneumocystis jirovecii
- dementia
3
Q
CD4 count 50-100 cells/mm3
A
- cryptococcal meningitis
- oesophageal candidiasis
- aspergillosis
- primary CNS lymphoma
4
Q
CD4 count <50cells/mm3
A
- cytomegalovirus retinitis
- mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection
5
Q
How do you test for HIV?
A
- 3-12 weeks post exposure
- HIV Ab test: ELISA and western blot assay
- p24 antigen test
- if asymptomatic test at 4 weeks and repeat at 12 if negative
6
Q
How does Kaposi’s sarcoma present?
A
- purple papule on skin or mucosa
- skin lesions may ulcerate
- respiratory involvement - haemoptysis and pleural effusion
7
Q
Primary CNS lymphoma vs toxoplasmosis:
A
- toxoplasmosis: multiple lesions, ring or nodular enhancement, thallium SPECT negative
- lymphoma: single lesion, solid enhancement, thallium SPECT positive
8
Q
Presentation of cryptococcal meningitis:
A
- CSF: high opening pressure, India ink test positive
- CT: meningeal enhancement, cerebral oedema
9
Q
How do you treat oesophageal candidiasis?
A
- itraconazole
- fluconazole
10
Q
What should HIV patients receive <200/mm3?
A
prophylactic co-trimoxazole for pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia
11
Q
Investigation and management of pneumocystitis jiroveci:
A
- exercise induced desaturation
- silver stain shows cysts
- co-trimoxazole or IV pentamidine if severe
- steroids if hypoxic
12
Q
Post exposure prophylaxis:
A
4 weeks oral antiretroviral therapy
