HIV

Question 1

Origin

Answer 1

in nonhuman primates in sub-Saharan Arica,evolving rom simian immunode - ciency virus (SIV).Transmission to humans occurred in the early 20th century and has been linked to eating bush meats

Question 2

caused primarily by HIV1/2?

Answer 2

HIV disease caused primarily by HIV-1 gro of viruses.HIV-2causesdisease in western A rica and other oci

Question 3

transmission

Answer 3

Sexualintercourse,exposure
to blood or blood product, perinatal or breast milk.Risk actors oracquisition:Genitalulcer disease, HIV-in ected partner with high viral load (transmission more ef cient), and recep- tive anal intercourse.

Question 4

What is IRIS?

Answer 4

IMMUNERECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME(IRIS) IRISoccursweeksormonths
a er initiating cAR , resulting rom restored immunity to speci c in ectious or nonin ectious antigens.Untreatedmycobacterialand ungal coin ection predispose to IRIS. IRIS occurs most o en in persons starting cAR with CD4+
cell count < 50/μL who experience a precipitous drop in viral load; IRIS associated by an increase in CD4 cell count and/or a rapid decrease in HIV viral load. A paradoxical clinical worsen- ingo aknownconditionortheappearanceo a newconditiona erinitiatingtherapycharacter- izesthesyndrome.Potentialmechanisms or thesyndromeincludeapartialrecoveryo the immune system or exuberant host immunologic responses to antigenic stimuli. T e in ectious pathogensmost requentlyimplicatedinthe syndrome are Mycobacteria, VZV, HSV, and CMV.Also,eosinophilic olliculitisandACDE

Question 5

CDC stages

Answer 5

Stage 1: CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/μL and no AIDSde ningconditions.
■ Stage 2: CD4 count 200–500 cells/μL and no AIDS defining conditions.
■ Stage 3: CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/μL or AIDS de ningconditions.
■ Unknown: I insufficient information is known to make oneo the above classifications.

Question 6

ART has the ff complications

Answer 6

lipodystrophy

Metabolic syndrome