HIV Flashcards
(34 cards)
What receptor does HIV use to enter immune cells?
CD4
T-helper cells
What is the course of HIV?
Infection Seroconversion Asymptomatic HIV-related illness AIDS Death
Which group has the highest prevalence of HIV?
MSM
What are the risk factors for HIV? (5)
MSM Unprotected sex High-Prevalence areas eg. sub-Saharan Africa IVDU CSW
When does seroconversion occur?
About 2-6 weeks post-exposure
What are the features of seroconversion?
Similar to glandular fever eg. sore throat, LNs, fever, malaise
Maculopapular rash
Mouth/penile ulcers
What often co-exists with Primary HIV?
Early syphilis
What are 3 AIDS-related malignancies?
Kaposis sarcoma
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Invasive cervical cancer
What are some non-AIDS-related malignancies?
Hodgkins Lymphoma Anal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma ENT cancers Lung cancer
Which cancer requires everyone to be HIV tested?
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
What are the two tests for HIV?
HIV antibodies
p-24
When are HIV antibodies detectable?
4-8 weeks
When are p-24 antigens detectable?
2-4 weeks
What is the recommended test for HIV?
Combination of both HIV antibodies and p-24
When will the majority of individuals with HIV be detectable?
4 weeks post-exposure
Negative result is highly likely to exclude HIV
When should a repeat test at 8 weeks be done?
If there is a high-risk infection event
What is a rapid POC test?
Quick test, takes 30sec to 20mins
All positive tests confirmed with additional tests
Who gets tested?
Everyone during STI screen
Pregnancy booking visits
What is pre-exopsure prophylaxis (PREP)?
Truvada (2 drugs)
Prevents 86% infections
Can be taken daily or before sex
What is post-exposure prophylaxis (PEPSE)?
Prevents the virus multiplying and entering host cells
Taken within 72hrs of exposure - earlier the better
Who gets PEPSE?
Anyone who has had unprotected sex with a high-risk individual in the last 72hrs
Needle stick injuries
How is mother-child transmission of HIV prevented?
Suppress viral load with HAART
Can have vaginal birth in viral load is suppressed
Neonatal PEP for 4 weeks
Avoid breast feeding unless mother wants
What are some other factors that may reduce the risk of exposure?
Condoms
Needles exchange
What does HAART stand for?
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
