Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4th Year > CCC - HF > Flashcards

CCC - HF Flashcards

1
Q

What is heart failure?

A

Inadequate cardiac output for body’s requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How common is heart failure >85yrs old?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What LV systolic dysfunction?

A

Reduced cardiac output to systemic circulation

Generally presents due to pulmonary oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Cor Pulmonale?

A

RVF due to chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Often secondary to pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is congestive HF?

A

LV + RV failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the features of heart failure?

A

Breathlessness
Orthopnoea, PND
Fatigue
Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs of HF?

A 
Displaced apex beat
Raised JVP
Hepatomegaly
Third heart sound
Oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What will the BNP be in HF?

A

> 100pg/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does an ECG show?

A

Arrhythmias/blocks
ST depression
Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the gold standard for HF diagnosis?

A

Echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a CXR show in HF?

A 
Alveolar oedema
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated upper lobe veins
Pleural effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who needs a 2 weeks referral to cardiology for HF? (4)

A

Previous MI
BNP >400pg/ml
Severe symptoms
Pregnant women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who needs a 6 week referral to cardiology for HF? (2)

A

People with BNP 100-400pg/ml

Normal BNP but patient obese or taking diuretics/ACEi/beta-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is used to measure the severity of HF?

A

New York Heart Association HF Classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the first line drug treatments for HF?

A

Bisoprolol 2.5mg

+ Ramipril 2.5mg if LVSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must be monitored before starting ACEi?

A

U+E and eGFR

17
Q

What are the side effects of ACEi?

A

Dry cough
Orthostatic hypotension
Hyperkalaemia

18
Q

What are the side effects of beta-blockers?

A 
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Sexual dysfunction
Asthenia (bisoprolol)
Sleep disturbances
19
Q

What are the second line treatments of HF?

A

Aldosterone antagonists eg. Eperenone
ARBs eg. valsartan
Hydralaxine + Nitrate - esp if Afro-Caribbean and mod/severe HF

20
Q

When is digoxin used in HF?

A

Worsening or severe HF despite 1st and 2nd line treatments

21
Q

When are diuretics used in HF?

A

Treatment of fluid overload

Furosemide 40mg

22
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

Hypotension
Polyuria
Dehydration
May aggravate Gout

23
Q

What are 6 drug classes to avoid in HF?

A 
Calcium channel blockers
Tricyclics
Lithium
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Drugs the prolong QT

4th Year (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions