HIV

Question 1

virus core

Answer 1

major caspid protein p24
nucleocapsid p7/p9
two RNA genome copies
protease, reverse transcription, integrase

Question 2

matrix protein

Answer 2

p17

Question 3

glycoprotein

Answer 3

gp120

gp41

Question 4

proviral genome

Answer 4

gag, pol, env

Question 5

gag and pol

Answer 5

premature proteins (which are converted into maturee proteins with portease)

Question 6

nef gene

Answer 6

kinase protein - reduces CD4 and MHC molecules on virus infected cells

Question 7

viral polymerase

Answer 7

low infidelity rates - 1 mistake every 100000 nucleotide replication

Question 8

entry requires

Answer 8

CD4 molecule

Question 9

gp 120 binds to

Answer 9

CD4 - conformational changes on gp 120 for binding with:

CCR5, CXC R4 (cell surface chemokine receptors)

Question 10

gp41

Answer 10

gp41 conformational chnage occurs - it inserts into membrane - virus fusion with the cell occurs

Question 11

R5 strains HIV

Answer 11

uses CCR5 as their coreceptor - CCR5 re present on both macrophages and T cells

Question 12

X4 strains HIV

Answer 12

use CXCR4 as their co receptor- only present on T cells

Question 13

T cell depletion

Answer 13

lytic HIV infection of cells

1. infection of thymic progenitor
2. infection of accessory cells that help in t cell maturation
3. activation induced death
4. giant cells - ballooning - cell death
5. uninfected cell bind to gp120 - apoptosis
6. infected cells killed by cytotoxic t cells

Question 14

giant cells

Answer 14

fusion of uninfected (CD4) and infected (gp120) cells

Question 15

CD4:CD8 ratio in AIDS

Answer 15

less than 0.5 (normal is 1:2)

Question 16

vpr gene

Answer 16

helps virus to multiply in terminally differentiated macrophages (viruses stay in intracellular vesicles)

Question 17

targets for hiv

Answer 17

t cells, macrophages, follicular DC, mucosal DC

Question 18

B cells activation due to HIV

Answer 18

binding with gp120

activation of macrophages and release of IL-6

Question 19

encapsulated bacterias

Answer 19

require antibodies response for combating

Question 20

Neurological deficit in HIV infection

Answer 20

because of cytokines (like TNF) produced by activated macrophages and other viral products

Question 21

acute phase of HIV

Answer 21

3-6 weeks after infection, viral multiplication, viremia, decrease in CD4+ t cells

Question 22

Chronic phase of HIV

Answer 22

immune system intact 
CD4+ rise again
LAP
oppurtunistic infections - minor
viral replication continues

Question 23

crisis phase of HIV

Answer 23

catastrophic break down of host defense 
fever
weight loss
fatigue 
diarrhea 
CD4+ T cells below 500 cells per mciro L
oppurtunistic infections
neurological manifestations
Neoplasmas

Question 24

three categories of AIDS patients

Answer 24

CD4+ count

> 500 per micro L
<200 - >500 micro L
<200 micro L

Question 25

oppurtunistic infections in AIDS

Answer 25

P. jiroveci
Candida
Isospora belli, cryptosporidium - diarrhea
Myobaterium tb - MAC - infections 
toxoplasmosis in brain
cryptococcal meningitis
salmonella, shigella diarrhea
ulcerating oral and perianal herpes
h. influenzae, s. pneumoniae
cmv - retinitis and enteritis 

Kaposi’s sarcoma